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Bunyaviridae

Bunyaviridae. The Bunyaviridae and Arenaviridae. share several similarities. Both are zoonoses ; most of the Bunyaviridae are arboviruses , but the Arenaviridae are not. Many of the viruses from these families cause encephalitis or hemorrhagic disease. Bunyaviridae.

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Bunyaviridae

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  1. Bunyaviridae

  2. The Bunyaviridae and Arenaviridae • share several similarities. • Both are zoonoses; • most of the Bunyaviridae are arboviruses, but the Arenaviridae are not. • Many of the viruses from these families cause encephalitis or hemorrhagic disease.

  3. Bunyaviridae • A supergroup of at least 200 • enveloped, • segmented, • negative-strand • RNA

  4. Bunyaviridae • 4genera • Bunyavirus • Phlebovirus • Nairovirus • Hantavirus

  5. Bunyaviridae • Most of the Bunyaviridae are arboviruses (arthropod-borne) that are spread by mosquitoes, ticks, or flies and are endemic to the environment of the vector. • The hantaviruses are the exception; they are carried by rodents.

  6. Bunyaviridae/some unique features • .. • Virus can infect humans and arthropods • Virus in arthropod can be transmitted to its eggs

  7. Bunyaviridae/Epidemiology • Transmission • Via arthropods through break in skin • At risk: • People in habitat of arthropod vector • California encephalitis group: campers, forest rangers, woodsmen • Season • More common in summer • Modes of control • Elimination of vector or vector’s habitat • Avoidence of vector’s habitat

  8. Bunyaviridae/Clinical syndromes • Non-specific febrile flu-like illness • Encephalitis • Hemorrhagic fever • Hantavirus pulmonary syndrome

  9. Bunyaviridae/Laboratory diagnosis • Ab (IgM, or 4x IgG) or Ag by ELISA • RT-PCR • No specific therapy

  10. Nairovirus • Crimean-Congo hemorrhagic fever virus; • Hemorrhagic fever • Insect vector:special tick(Hyalomma) • Vertebrate host:Hares, cattle, goats, seabirds

  11. Arenaviruses • The arenaviruses include: • Lymphocytic choriomeningitis (LCM) and hemorrhagic fever viruses, such as the Lassa, Junin, and Machupo viruses. • These viruses cause persistent infections in specific rodents and can be transmitted to humans as zoonoses.

  12. Arenaviruses • Most arenaviruses, except for the virus that causes LCM, are found in the tropics of Africa and South America. • These rodent-borne infections can be prevented by limiting contact with the vector.

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