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Multimedia Group Communication: Synchronization & Standards

Explore the major issues in multimedia group communication including data frame size, bandwidth needs, digital vs analog representation, and the integration of multiple modalities. Discover the significance of real-time constraints, group communication, synchronization, and standards in multimedia. Learn about casting relationships, delivery methods (unicasting, broadcasting, multicasting), synchronization markers, and the importance of standards in ensuring interoperability and consistency in multimedia technologies. Delve into multimedia standards organizations, Internet standards bodies, and the mapping to the OSI model.

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Multimedia Group Communication: Synchronization & Standards

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  1. Multimedia Group Communication Synchronization Standards T.Sharon-A.Frank

  2. Major Issues 1. Size of Data Frame 2. Need High Bandwidth 3. Digital vs. Analog Representation 4. Multi-Modality Integration/Blending 5. Soft Real-Time Constraints 6. Need Group Communication 7. Need Synchronization 8. Need for Standards T.Sharon-A.Frank

  3. 6. Need Group Communication T.Sharon-A.Frank

  4. Group Communication Amsterdam Multicast Wide Area Network London New York Tel-Aviv T.Sharon-A.Frank

  5. Casting Terms • Three general methods for delivering content from a server to a client across a network: (1) Unicasting – the server delivers the content to a single client. (2) Broadcasting – the server delivers the content to all clients, regardless whether they want the content or not. (3) Multicasting – the server delivers the content to a group of receivers who indicate they wish to receive the content. T.Sharon-A.Frank

  6. Casting relationships • Unicast: one sender – one receiver • Multicast: one sender – many receivers • Broadcast: one sender – all receive Unicast and Broadcast are actually special cases of multicast Multicast Broadcast T.Sharon-A.Frank

  7. Unicast vs. Multicast T.Sharon-A.Frank

  8. Solution Use Multicast Show/See Flash! T.Sharon-A.Frank

  9. 7. Need Synchronization T.Sharon-A.Frank

  10. Synchronization Problem London Tel-Aviv New-York Rotterdam • Between media (e.g. lipsynch) • Between users in group (orchestration) Montreal Amsterdam T.Sharon-A.Frank

  11. Synchronization Markers • Use buffering to synch • Might increase overall delay and jitter T.Sharon-A.Frank

  12. Solutions Synchronization Markers Show/See Flash! Use Delay (buffers) T.Sharon-A.Frank

  13. 8. Need for Standards Question: What’s good about a standard? Answer: there are MANY of them. T.Sharon-A.Frank

  14. Standards • "Standards are documented agreements containing technical specifications … to be used consistently … to ensure that materials, products, processes and services are fit for their purpose." (ISO) • Ensure things that conform to standards are interchangeable. • Multimedia standards concern file formats, markup languages etc, and especially network protocols.

  15. Standards Organizations • ISO (International Organization for Standards) • All technical fields except electrical and electronic engineering • IEC (International Electrotechnical Commission) • ITU (International Telecommunications Union) • IT dealt with by joint ISO/IEC technical committee

  16. Internet Standards • Internet Architecture Board (IAB) • Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF) deals with technical development. • Internet Assigned Numbers Authority (IANA) registers MIME types, language codes, etc. • World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) • No official status, but Recommendations are treated as standards for the WWW.

  17. Map to ISO-OSI Model (7 Layers) Application Presentation Session Transport Network Data Link Physical Fit For Multimedia? Solution: Twist OSI Model T.Sharon-A.Frank

  18. Interconnected Subnetworks M a s s Networks e PrivateDedicated PublicCircuit Switched Router Local Area ISDN Bridge Router MetropolitanArea Local Area Gateway Gateway Public Packet Switched

  19. Multimedia Users T.Sharon-A.Frank

  20. Categorization of Multimedia Standards T.Sharon-A.Frank

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