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Kristine Krafts, M.D.

Neoplasia III: Cancer Epidemiology. Kristine Krafts, M.D. Neoplasia Outline. Tumor nomenclature Tumor characteristics Epidemiology Cancer pathogenesis. Neoplasia Outline. Tumor nomenclature Tumor characteristics Epidemiology Cancer incidence Environmental variables Age Heredity.

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Kristine Krafts, M.D.

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  1. Neoplasia III: Cancer Epidemiology Kristine Krafts, M.D.

  2. Neoplasia Outline • Tumor nomenclature • Tumor characteristics • Epidemiology • Cancer pathogenesis

  3. Neoplasia Outline • Tumor nomenclature • Tumor characteristics • Epidemiology • Cancer incidence • Environmental variables • Age • Heredity

  4. Neoplasia Outline • Tumor nomenclature • Tumor characteristics • Epidemiology • Cancer incidence

  5. Cancer Incidence • Roughly 1.5 million new cases of cancer every year • >500,000 deaths from cancer every year • Cancer is 2nd leading cause of death (after heart disease) • Most common cancers • Men: Prostate • Women: Breast • Deadliest cancers • Men: Lung • Women: Lung

  6. Recent Changes in Death Rates Decreased death rates: • Cervical cancer (pap smears) • Colon cancer (earlier detection) • Breast cancer (earlier detection) • Lung cancer in men (less smokers) • Some types of leukemia (new treatment) Increased death rates: • Lung cancer in women (more smokers)

  7. Neoplasia Outline • Tumor nomenclature • Tumor characteristics • Epidemiology • Cancer incidence • Environmental variables

  8. Some Stats • Breast cancer death rate in US is 5x that in Japan! • Stomach cancer death rate in Japan is 7x that in US! • Liver cancer infrequent in US, common in Africa. • Probably due to environmental (not hereditary) factors. • Most sporadic cancers are caused by environmental factors.

  9. Environmental Carcinogens • Sunlight: skin cancer • Smoking: lung cancer • Alcohol: liver, breast cancers • HPV: cervical carcinoma

  10. Occupational carcinogens

  11. Neoplasia Outline • Tumor nomenclature • Tumor characteristics • Epidemiology • Cancer incidence • Environmental variables • Age

  12. Age • Cancer is more frequent at the two extremes of age. • Elderly • Frequency of cancer increases with age • Most cancer deaths occur between 55-75 • Children • 10% of all childhood deaths • Leukemia/lymphoma, CNS tumors, sarcoma

  13. Neoplasia Outline • Tumor nomenclature • Tumor characteristics • Epidemiology • Cancer incidence • Environmental variables • Age • Heredity

  14. Three Types of Hereditary Cancer • Inherited cancer syndromes • Familial cancers • Syndromes of defective DNA repair

  15. Three Types of Hereditary Cancer • Inherited cancer syndromes • Dominantly inherited • Retinoblastoma • Familial polyposis coli

  16. Familial polyposis coli

  17. Three Types of Hereditary Cancer • Inherited cancer syndromes • Familial cancers • Most common sporadic cancers have familial forms too • Breast, colon, ovary, brain • Occur earlier, are often deadlier

  18. Three Types of Hereditary Cancer • Inherited cancer syndromes • Familial cancers • Syndromes of defective DNA repair • Recessively inherited • Xerodermapigmentosum

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