Marine Fish es

1. Marine Fishes Phylum Chordata

2. Review: Chordates • 500 mya • Evolved from invertebrate chordates Chordates Begin!!!

6. Post-anal Tail Cat Human

7. Vertebrates • Vertebrates differ from protochordates because of BACKBONE • Backbone = vertebral column or spine • Made of vertebrae • Encloses & protects nerve cord

8. Fishes

9. Fish – single individual OR more than 1 individual of the same species Fishes –more than one species Fish vs. Fishes

10. Fish • Oldest & Most Primitive Vertebrates • 30,000 species; half the living vertebrates on earth • $$$ Important to Economy

11. Classification

12. Class Agnatha • Jawless Fishes • Most primative • Feed by suction • Have round muscular mouth • Body: Long, Lack fins, Lack scales

13. Class Agnatha – Hagfish or Slime eels • Eat dead or dying fish • Bore into prey and eat from inside out • Dig tunnels in mud • 3ft. long • Colder water • Skin used for Leather Goods

14. 6 Hours Later Fresh Bait Left in Ocean

15. Class Agnatha – Lampreys • Temperate regions, primarily freshwater • Breed in lakes or rivers • Some adults move to ocean • Parasitic: attach to other fish & suck blood

18. Class Chondrichthyes

19. Class Condrichthyes • Cartilaginous fish • Cartilage skeleton • Advanced Features: • Movable jaws • Ventral mouth • Paired Lateral Fins

20. Fast swimming & predatory feeding “Living fossils” Fished for: Meat, oil, skin, fins Many severely over fished Class Condrichthyes - Sharks • Location • Found in all oceans at all depths • Mostly coastal, warm waters • Some travel up rivers • Some live in very deep water

21. Shark Jaws

22. Shark Anatomy

23. Hammerhead Sharks

24. Sawshark

25. Thresher shark

26. Spiny Pygmy Shark

27. Whale Shark

28. Basking shark

29. Class Condrichthyes – Rays and Skates • Flattened bodies • Gill slits on the ventral side • Pectoral fins flattened & expanded (wings) • Usually fused with head • Eyes on top of head

30. Rays • Electricrays • Organs in head that generate electricity • Up to 200 volts to stun prey and discourage predators • Eagle rays and Manta rays are pelagic • Eagle rays return to bottom to feed • Manta rays feed on plankton in mid-water • Largest ray (7 m wide!) • Whip-like tail with spines • Feed on clams, crabs, small fish, bottom dwellers • Stir sand up with pectoral fins • Teeth = plates for grinding & crushing • Strong suction

31. Sting Ray

32. Electric Ray

33. Eagle Ray

34. Manta Ray

35. Skates • Similar to rays but lack whip-like tail & spines

36. Class Condrichthyes – Ratfish • Flap of skin covers gill slits • Eat crustaceans & mollusks • Deep water • Long, rat-like tail

37. Class Osteichthyes

38. Class Osteichthyes • Bony Fish • Skeleton at least partially bone • 21,500 species = 98 % of all fish • About 50% of all vertebrates • 2 Classes: • Actinopterygii - Ray-finned fish • Sarcopterygii - Lobe finned fish

39. Ray-finned Lobe-finned

40. Osteichthyes Adaptations • Mouth • Mouth is almost always terminal • Teeth not in rows • Swim Bladder - Gas filled sac that regulates buoyancy • Skin • Thin flexible scales • Scales covered in layer of tissue • Tissue covered with mucus • Operculum– gill cover

41. External Anatomy

43. Elements Page