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Software

Software. 操作系统 Windows 、 UNIX 。. 语言处理程序 Turbo C . 系统软件. 连接程序 LINK. 诊断程序 QAPLUS 、 WINTEST. 数据库系统 FoxPro 、 Oracle 。. 软件分类. 软件 = 程序 + 数据 + 文档. 文字处理软件 WPS 、 Word 。. 表格处理软件 Excel. 应用软件. 辅助设计软件 AutoCAD. 实时控制软件 FIX. 计算机软件 . Software.

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Software

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  1. Software

  2. 操作系统 Windows、UNIX。 语言处理程序 Turbo C 系统软件 连接程序 LINK 诊断程序 QAPLUS、WINTEST 数据库系统 FoxPro、Oracle。 软件分类 软件 = 程序 + 数据+文档 文字处理软件 WPS、Word。 表格处理软件 Excel 应用软件 辅助设计软件 AutoCAD 实时控制软件 FIX 计算机软件

  3. Software • System software – enables application software to interact with the computer • Application – helps end-users perform general purpose tasks

  4. Anyone who uses a microcomputer or has access to larger computers. They enter commands and typically interact with application programs Background programs that coordinate application software with system hardware Programs to create, organize, analyze, present, and communicate information.

  5. System Software • ‘Background software’, manages the computer’s internal resources • Most important interface • Between the user and the machine • Between the application programs and hardware devices • Subcategories: • Operating system(OS): interpreter • Utilities – diagnosis, locate, format, backup, etc • Device drivers – allow devices to communicate with system • Language translators - programming

  6. System Software • Important components • Bootstrap loader • Permanently stored in ROM • Booting the system by automatic loading the OS when computer is turned on • Diagnostic routines • Permanently stored in ROM • At startup, test memory, CPU, and other parts of the system • Basic input-output system (BIOS) • Interpretation program for input/output • Transferred from ROM to memory at startup • The operating system

  7. Operating systems • The collection of programs that • Enables the computer to manage its resources • Manage all the hardware: input, output, storage and memory • Manage data, information and files • Provides a user interface - interprets the commands users give to run programs • Graphical user interface (GUI) • Run applications

  8. 户 用 用 程 系 作 裸机 序 应 统 操 OS：管理和控制计算机的所有硬件、软件资源的程序 提供人和机器的接口 功能： 进程与处理机调度 作业管理 存储管理 设备管理 信息(文件)管理 常用操作系统： Windows 95/98 Windows NT UNIX OS/2 LINUX

  9. 实时系统：RDOS。 分时系统：UNIX、XENIX和LINUX。 批处理系统 分类 网络系统：NetWare和Windows NT。 单用户：DOS。 单用户系统 多用户：Windows 95/98。

  10. Examples of OS • DOS – original standard for IBM compatibles • Windows – a graphical operating environment • Windows 95, 98, 2000, XP，Win7 • Windows NT, for powerful workstations & networks • OS/2 Warp – competitor to Windows by IBM • Macintosh operating system by Apple • Unix – originally for minicomputers, now used on microcomputers and Internet servers, Linux

  11. System Software OPERATING SYSTEM DESCRIPTION DOS The original operating system for IBM and IBM-compatible microcomputers Windows Environment that extends capability of DOS Windows 95 Operating system with built-in Internet support Windows 98 Operating system with extensive Internet and multimedia support Windows NT Operating system for very powerful microcomputers OS/2 Warp Developed for very powerful microcomputers Macintosh operating system Standard operating system for Apple's Macintosh computers Unix Runs on many powerful microcomputers Popular microcomputer operating systems:

  12. 源程序 目标程序 可执行程序 编辑程序 汇编或编译程序 联接程序 机器语言 汇编程序 汇编语言 面向过程：BASIC、Pascal、 FORTRAN、C等 高级语言 面向对象：C++ 、Java、Visual Basic等 语言处理程序和联接程序

  13. 汇编、编译与解释过程

  14. 数据库(DB) DBS 数据库管理系统(DBMS) FoxPro、SQL Server、SyBASE、Oracle等。 数据库应用程序 数据库 应用程序 DB DBMS 用户 其他系统软件 • 诊断程序 • QAPLUS、WINBENCH、WINTEST等。 • 数据库系统(DBS)

  15. Application Software • Helps people to more quickly and efficiently perform their tasks • Basic tools • Word processors • Spreadsheet • Database managers • Graphics • Communications

  16. 常用应用软件 • 文字处理软件 • WPS、Word等。 • 表格处理软件 • Excel、Lotus 1-2-3等。 • 辅助设计软件 • AutoCAD • 实时控制软件 • 监察控制和数据采集SCADA(Supervisory Control And Data Acquisition)。 • 目前在PC上流行的有：FIX、InTouch、Lookout。

  17. General-purposed application packages • Combine some of above capabilities • People use them for a variety of different tasks • Examples • Word processor • used to create, edit save and print documents

  18. Application packages • Spreadsheets • Used to organize, manipulate and display numbers in columns and rows • They are powerful tools for “what-if: analyses • Format, functions, formulas, analyses

  19. Application packages • Database managers • Facilitate organizing, filing, processing, retrieving and formatting of large collections of data • Elements • System environment • Tables • Records • Fields • Relational databases

  20. Database Managers • Features • Locate and display • Sort • Calculate and format • Reports • Program language

  21. Graphics • Increased use supported by research that people learn better when presented information visually • Three types of graphics programs • Analytical for analysis • Presentation for communication • Drawing for illustration

  22. Application Software • Communications • Manage the sending and receiving data between computers • Examples: Forum, messengers, email • Data banks • Message exchanges • Financial serves • Shares resources • Integrated packages – perform multiple tasks • Software Suites – collections of individual applications sold together

  23. Application Software • Other leading edge professional software • Personal information managers • Groupware: Lotus Notes • Project management • Desktop publishing • Multimedia • Hypermedia databases

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