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Putting Things in Order Put the following events in correct order by numbering them from 1 to 4.

Putting Things in Order Put the following events in correct order by numbering them from 1 to 4. 1.__________The United States and Britain invade Italy and topple Mussolini from power. 2.__________Japan surrenders after two atomic bombs are dropped.

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Putting Things in Order Put the following events in correct order by numbering them from 1 to 4.

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  1. Putting Things in Order Put the following events in correct order by numbering them from 1 to 4. 1.__________The United States and Britain invade Italy and topple Mussolini from power. 2.__________Japan surrenders after two atomic bombs are dropped. 3.__________The United States enters World War II and begins to “fight Hitler first.” 4.__________The United States stops the Japanese advance in the Pacific and attacks Germany in North Africa.

  2. Reading Maps for Routes and Strategy In order to understand the events and strategies of war, careful reading of military maps is essential. Attention to the routes and dates of the Allied armies, presented in the map of World War II in Europe and North Africa, 1939–1945 on p. 815, will help you grasp the essentials of Allied strategy and the importance of the postponement of the second front in the west, as described in the text. Answer the following questions.

  3. 1.Where were (a) the Russians and (b) the Western Allies Britain and America each fighting in January and February of 1943? 2.Approximately where were the central Russian armies when the British and Americans invaded Sicily? 3.Approximately where were the central Russian armies when the British and Americans invaded Normandy in June 1944? 4.It took approximately ten months for the British and Americans to get from the Normandy beaches to the Elbe River in central Germany. How long did it take the Russians to get from Warsaw to Berlin? 5.Besides north-central Germany, where else did the British, American, and Russian invasion routes converge? From what two countries were the British and Americans coming? From what country was the southern Russian army coming?

  4. As America and the world suffered from the Depression, a new threat was rising in the East. Fascism - 1922 - 1943 Begun by Benito Mussolini - Dictator of Italy - the individual is subordinate to the interests of the state, party or society as a whole. Rise of the Nazi Party - 1920 - 1945 (Hitler joined in 1933) wanted to create a new Germany; a new unified nation for the working class (yet opposed Bolsheviks)

  5. America began to withdraw from world politics to focus on the Depression Tydings - McDuffie Act (1934) - Official withdrawl from the Philippines 1933 - Russia is officially recognized 1934 - The Good Neighbor Policy "In the field of world policy I would dedicate this nation to the policy of the good neighbor--the neighbor who resolutely respects himself and, because he does so, respects the rights of others.” The United States would keep its eye on Latin America in a more peaceful “tone” ･The withdrawal of US Marines from Haiti and Nicaragua in 1934･ ･ Cuba’s is released from the control of America ･ ･Negotiation of oil holdings in Mexico in 1937 ･

  6. With concern over Europe’s condition, Congress acted to prevent any future intervention in their problems Johnson Debt Default Act - Prevented nations who had not repaid loans from further borrowing from U.S. The Neutrality Acts (1935,’36,& ‘37) When the President proclaimed the existence of war: Prohibited arms shipments to either side(1935) No loans to belligerents(1936) Cash and Carry(1937)- - Warring nations trading with US had to pay cash and transport with their own ships - American would be prohibited from traveling on ships of the nations.

  7. Changing the face of Europe 1933 - Adolph Hitler is elected Chancellor of Germany 1936 - Germany violates TOV Occupies the Rhineland 1936 - Rome-Berlin Axis Mussolini and Hitler become allies 1936 - Fascist regime controls Spain under Francisco Franco (with help from Ger. And Italy)

  8. 1937 - The Panay Incident Japan invaded China - America took no action (isolationism) Japanese planes sink the USS Panay off the coast of China Many believed America would declare war “Remember the Maine” The Japanese made restitutions to the families of the dead A military tribunal discovered the attack had been deliberate, but anxious to avoid war, America accepts the “mistake” theory with Japan’s apology

  9. 1938 - German and Japan enter the Anti-Comintern Pact.America is stunned and angered. It cuts off oil supplies from Japan. Hitler invades Austria (the Anschluss) 1939 - Invasion of Czechoslovakia by Germany Nazi - Soviet Pact Russia and Germany sign a peace deal Free to do as he pleased, Hitler moved on Poland

  10. September 1, 1939Germany invades Poland. England and France declare war.WWII begins!

  11. America 1939 Neutrality Act 1939 - European democracies could purchase munitions if they transported and paid cash for them Overseas demand for war goods brought jobs and money to America. It was what was needed to get us out of the Depression!

  12. 1940! The Soviet Union invaded Finland Germany overran Norway and Denmark Holland and Belgium fell next France was forced to surrender in June of 1940 It was evident America would have to do something……. and soon!!!

  13. August 1940 - The Battle of Britain begins. Hitler began an air assault on London FDR ”gave” England 50 WWI warships in return for 8 naval base sites in the Atlantic Ocean This was a violation of our neutrality.

  14. September 6,1940 The first conscription law ever enacted while the U.S. was at peace The Selective Training and Service Act. Some 16,500,000 men were registered By the end of World War II, 45 million men had been registered, more than 10 million men, had been inducted

  15. November 1940 - History is made…… Roosevelt broke the two term presidency tradition. He beat Wendell Willkie. Both had similar war stances: -stay out of the war -strengthen America’s defenses If war was going to happen, FDR should be at the helm!!

  16. 1941 March 1941 - Lend Lease Act America lends needed supplies to be returned when the war concludes June 22 - Hitler invades Russia Breaking his pact, he attempts to take Russia and its resources (oil) August - FDR and Churchill meet The Atlantic Conference Atlantic Charter - outlining the way the war end would be dealt with: No imposed territorial changes,establish own governments, disarmourment, and a new League of Nations

  17. The meeting of great minds and their work

  18. June - End of 1941 : The Convoy System Germany began to attack American ships FDR sent armed ships to help protect shipments of war goods to Europe November 1941 - Congress repeals the Neutrality Act of 1939 Armed US ships can legally enter war waters in the Atlantic We were already fighting in WWII (but not officially)

  19. December 7, 1941“A date which will live in infamy!” The Japanese launched a sneak attack on Pearl Harbor 2 aerial attacks from Japanese aircraft carriers destroyed: 2 battleships 2 destroyers Several auxiliary ships 188 aircraft Killed 2,388 Wounded 1,178

  20. On December 11,1941America declared war on Japan!!!We officially entered World War II

  21. Russia and England called for a new front to be opened in France by the Americans • But America was not ready! Stalin believed the USA was trying to allow Hitler to overrun Russia to destroy Communism. This will lead to a distrust of these two sides after World War II

  22. America and the European Theater Supreme Allied Commander - General Dwight D. Eisenhower

  23. 1942 • America began fighting in the Pacific against Japan • Offensives were opened in Africa against the Germans • The Battle of Stalingrad - German forces are stopped in Russia and forced to begin a slow retreat!

  24. By 1944, America was pushing Germany back from Africa and into Italy • June 6, 1944 • America’s invasion of mainland Europe began • Operation Overlord • D-Day

  25. By August 1944, the Americans had liberated Paris. • By September, the Germans were out of France • December 1944 - The Battle of the Bulge Germany made a last attempt to break the allied lines They failed.

  26. The Yalta Conference The Big Three meet to shape post war peace for the world 1. Provide “buffer nations” for Russian security sympathetic to Russian ideals 2. Germany divided into four zones(Berlin also) 3. Form a post-war International organization 4. Terms of surrender for Axis powers (?? of reparations unsolved)

  27. 1945: The race to Berlin was on! Both the US and the USSR raced to capture Berlin • The one who captures it controls the peace of WWII • April 30,1945 Adolph Hitler commits suicide May 8, 1945 V-E Day Germany surrendered Russia captured Berlin

  28. 1.Internal Migration in the United States During World War II: During World War II, what was the approximate netmigration of civilian population from the East to the West? (Net migration is the number of westward migrants minus the number of those who moved east.) 2.Internal Migration in the United States During World War II: Of the nine fastest-growing cities during the 1940s, how many were located in the West and South? (Consider Washington, D.C., as a southern city.) 3.Internal Migration in the United States During World War II: Which were the two fastest-growing cities in the North? 4.United States Thrusts in the Pacific, 1942–1945: Which two of the following territories were not wholly or partially controlled by Japan at the height of Japanese conquest: India, the Philippines, Australia, Netherlands Indies, Thailand, and New Guinea? 5.World War II in Europe and North Africa, 1939–1945: From which North African territory did the Allies launch their invasion of Italy? 6.World War II in Europe and North Africa, 1939–1945: As the Russian armies crossed into Germany from the east, which three Axis-occupied East European countries did they move through? 7.World War II in Europe and North Africa, 1939–1945: As the Western Allied armies crossed into Germany from the west, which three Axis-occupied West European countries did they liberate and move through? (Do not count Luxembourg.) 8.World War II in Europe and North Africa, 1939–1945: Along which river in Germany did the Western Allied armies meet the Russians?

  29. It was now time to knock Japan out of the war!!

  30. America and the Pacific Theater American forces will be commanded by General Douglas MacArthur and Chester W. Nimitz

  31. Battle of Coral Sea (May 1942) New Warfare - major sea battles fought and decided by airplanes launched from aircraft carriersnever in sight of one another • Lose 1 aircraft carrier (Lexington) • A moral victory After the fall of Germany, Japan was next Battle of Midway (June 1942) Japanese attempt to destroy US aircraft carriers • Kamikaze pilots • 4 Japanese carriers destroyed

  32. American forces move on! Island Hopping in the Pacific • Guadalcanal (7/42 - 2/43) • Gilbert Islands • Marshall Islands • Battle of Leyte Gulf (1944) -recapture the Philippines • Guam (1944) • Iwo Jima (February 1945) -36 days of fighting -23,000 Americans die -Most famous photo of WWII • Okinawa (April -June 1945) -500,000 US troops -50,000 casualties -only mainland Japan remained

  33. “As long as I can,” FDR told Truman, “I will go to Warm Springs for a rest . I can be trim again if I stay there for two or three weeks.” 12 Years as President showed when FDR returned from Yalta He went on a retreat to Warm Springs, GA On April 12, 1945 the world learned that FDR had died The face of World War II was about to change as American secrets would be revealed to the new President….. Harry S. Truman

  34. The Atomic Equation New missile technology by Germany -The V2 rocket FDR authorizes the building of a new Super Bomb The Manhattan Project Based on ideas by Albert Einstein It split the atom to make lethal energy

  35. A top secret project headed by Robert Oppenheimer • FDR planned to use it as a bargaining tool (if it was successful) Even Truman didn’t know of the Atomic project! July 16,1945 The Atomic Bomb was born

  36. Truman believed the Bomb would bring about a swift and justified end to the war • What would it do? • Revenge • Drop it no matter what (Japan was trying to surrender) August 6,1945 Col. Paul Tibbets The Enola Gay Dropped the first atomic bomb on Hiroshima

  37. When Japan didn’t surrender, the United States dropped another bomb on Nagasaki

  38. August 15,1945 Japan SurrenderedIt signed official documents on September 2, 1945WWII was over! But the end of WWII ushered in a new era of warfare… The Cold WAR

  39. Effects of WWII America and Russia emerged as dominant leaders- Superpowers German Territories were divided and controlled by the Allied Nations. The Warsaw Pact But America’s hatred of Russia bred problems for the peace

  40. The United Nations is created in 1945 • All nations could be members • The United States, Soviet Union, Britain, France and China were made head of the UN Security Council It would provide a forum for discussion of world problems.

  41. The Nuremberg Trials Ranking leaders of Nazi Germany were put on trial for the atrocities of the Holocaust Many were executed or jailed for life Adolf Eichmann was captured and tried later

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