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What is History?

What is History?. What is History?. A collection of names, dates, and events, arranged chronologically?. What is History?. “Useless Stuff crammed into our brains the night before the test, and quickly forgotten” (former student quote). What is History?.

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What is History?

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  1. What is History?

  2. What is History? • A collection of names, dates, and events, arranged chronologically?

  3. What is History? • “Useless Stuff crammed into our brains the night before the test, and quickly forgotten” • (former student quote)

  4. What is History? • Helping kids understand their world, and how it has come to be the way it is, and where it might be going…

  5. What is History? • A way of thinking analytically about historical causes and effects

  6. A Historian thinks about… • What lies under the surface of any past event: • Example: • The 9-11 Attacks

  7. When considering a historical character, a historian questions • What ideas or events spurred him in a certain direction? KKK Rosa Parks

  8. A Historian thinks about… • What forces change society?

  9. The 6 G- Forces Human energies which start with individual motivations, but come together and become powerful in groups

  10. The 6 G- ForcesSource: Carl Gustavson • The Political force • The Economic force • The Religious force • The Military Technological force • The Ideological force • The Technological force • Remember: PERMIT

  11. The 6 G- Forces #1 The Economic force Economy = a group’s system to meet needs and divide surplus

  12. The 6 G- Forces #1 The Economic force Examples: • a) labor unions: groups of workers fighting for higher wages

  13. The 6 G- Forces #1 The Economic force Examples: • b) Age of exploration: the hunt for spices, gold, and slaves in new lands

  14. The 6 G- Forces #2 The Religious force

  15. The 6 G- Forces #2 The Religious force • b) the belief of Palestinian Suicide-bombers that they will go to Heaven as their reward for their ultimate sacrifice

  16. The 6 G- Forces: #2 The Religious force a) the belief of English missionary Hudson Taylor that God wanted him to come to China to teach about Jesus

  17. The 6 G- Forces #3 The Political force • When organizations, having key ideas and values, promote these to outsiders and enforce cooperation on members.

  18. The 6 G- Forces #3 The Political force • All organizations tend to fight for their own survival and increased strength, as well. • The Kremlin / Red Square

  19. The 6 G- Forces • Examples of organizations: • National governments (Brazil), • religious denominations (Catholic Church), • special interest groups (the NBA), international groups (the U.N), • companies (Sony) • Schools (LZMSN)

  20. The 6 G- Forces #3 The Political force a) the English monarchy, struggling to manage a changing world, training Redcoats to crush rebellious American colonies

  21. The 6 G- Forces #3 The Political force b) The Republican / Democratic party training young leaders to win the next election

  22. The 6 G- Forces: # 4 The Technological force

  23. The 6 G- Forces: # 4 The Technological force • a) the development of mobile cannon making castles useless

  24. The 6 G- Forces: # 4 The Technological force • b) the improvement of Japanese robotic manufacturing techniques, allowing it to become a major auto exporter

  25. The 6 G- Forces 5 The Ideological force: The Power of an IDEA • Examples: a) A patriot laying his life down because of his love of country = Nationalism

  26. The 6 G- Forces #5 The Ideological force: ex. Manifest Destiny

  27. The 6 G- Forces #5 The Ideological force • Example: • Racial equality

  28. The 6 G- Forces #6 The Military force • a) the mobilizing of forces in Europe leading to WWI

  29. The 6 G- Forces #6 The Military force • b) Hitler’s effective use of military aggression in expanding German borders and silencing his enemies

  30. How can 2 forces work together? • Teachers believe in improving the world through education (ideological) • Teachers need a job to pay the rent and feed their families (economic); their salaries come from property taxes. • School districts have elected school boards, who hire administrators (Mr. Richter) (political)

  31. How can 2 forces work together? • Eisenhower’s Warning about the “military-industrial complex” after WW2 • if the military becomes the biggest client for manufacturers then the nation will begin to invest more of its economy into military contracts. Senators from states building tanks see that jobs would be lost if tank orders stopped, and oppose spending cuts.

  32. How can 2 forces work together? • Christopher Columbus?

  33. How can 2 forces work together? • you?

  34. Student Samples • Sor Juana was a woman that was unique for her time. She had believed that all people, men and women, should be equal. She boldly spoke out for her beliefs and even wrote poems about them. She wanted to have a proper education and therefore asked her mother to let her go to a university. Her mother was fearful of such radial thinking and denied her the request. Sor Juana didn’t give up that easily though, so she taught herself and wrote some famous poems about the women’s lack of rights. Even though the odds were against her, Sor Juana did not give up easily and kept working for what she believed in. This example just shows how powerful ideological force can be. Jonathan

  35. Student Samples • Second, the religious force. These people do it for Jesus Christ, Buddha, Allah, Paikea, or some other God that has gotten into their minds. They want to be rewarded in heaven. They want God to see their good deeds -- Hubert

  36. Student Samples • The first force that affected the people in the presentations was the economic force. The economic force describes the need of riches or wood or and resource. An example of this force being played in history is Francisco Pizarro. He went to the America’s and wanted a whole room filled with gold from the Incas. This changed history because not only did Francisco “swim” in a room full of gold, but many people wanted to be and tried to be like him, thus leading to more conquistadors and affected native Americans. This force is very common in those times because resources were required and new land was being discovered. Andrew

  37. Student Samples • Economic Force: Many of the other people who decided to go on the Crusades had gone for various reasons including land, money, and adventure. Many of them were also the younger sons of nobles who were not entitled to any land, so they went on the Crusade for fortune. After they went there, they encountered exotic spices, rugs, and Oriental luxuries. This aroused the Europeans’ curiosity of new lands and their products, which lead to the exploration and discovery of America. • Nancy

  38. presentation based on Carl Gustavson’s A Preface to History

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