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Formulas of Hydrocarbons and Isomers

Formulas of Hydrocarbons and Isomers. The adventure continues. Molecular Formulas. The general formula for an alkane is: C n H 2n+2 The molecular formula indicates the atoms present and their amounts. Structural Formula.

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Formulas of Hydrocarbons and Isomers

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  1. Formulas of Hydrocarbons and Isomers The adventure continues

  2. Molecular Formulas • The general formula for an alkane is: CnH2n+2 • The molecular formula indicates the atoms present and their amounts.

  3. Structural Formula • Structural formulas are two dimensional structural representations of how the various atoms of a molecule are bound to one another. • Structural formulas show every atom and every bond.

  4. Find the structural formula for… C2H6 C8H18 C4H10 Examples

  5. Two types of structural formulas • The expanded structural formula. • This is what we have looked at so far. • The condensed structural formula. • This uses groups of atoms in which the central atoms and those connected are added in groups.

  6. Condensed formulas • We may condense these formulas even further. • CH3CH2CH2CH3 • May be written as: • CH3(CH2)2CH3

  7. Expanded structural formulas show all bonds in the molecule. Some condensed structural formulas show only certain bonds between carbons. A skeletal structural formula shows only the bonds between carbons. It omits the Hydrogen. Therefore: CH3CH2CH2CH3 Means CH3(CH2)2CH3 Means C-C-C-C The C makes 4 bonds. The H’s are assumed Also:

  8. Isomers • Molecular formulas tell you only how many of each atom is in the molecule. • It does not give you the arrangement. • C4H10 has more than one possible arrangement.

  9. Isomers • Isomers have different arrangements of atoms and therefore have different chemical properties.

  10. Pharmaceutical Implications • The larger the number of carbons in the carbon chain, the larger the number of possible isomers. • When chemists form new compounds, they must separate out all the isomers to identify the physiologically active compound.

  11. Conformations of Alkanes • Carbons bound by singles bonds may rotate around their bonds. • Conformation is the specific three dimensional arrangement of the atoms in an organic compound. • Let’s go to the Ball and Stick model!

  12. Not this Ball & Stick

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