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Perspective on Processing

This outline explores the intricate relationship between cognitive processes and machine learning in memory encoding and retrieval. It discusses the Levels of Processing theory, emphasizing that deeper processing leads to more durable memory. Key principles like Transfer Appropriate Processing, Encoding Specificity, and the Process Dissociation Framework are examined. The outline highlights the significance of organizational distinctiveness in memory retention and addresses challenges faced in differentiating processing depths. Overall, it integrates cognitive psychology with machine learning insights, presenting a nuanced perspective on memory.

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Perspective on Processing

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  1. Cognitive Machine Learning Perspective on Processing 2008-20817 KoYoungkil

  2. outline • Level of Pricessing • Transfer Appropriate Processing • Organization and Distinctiveness • The Encoding Specificity Principle • Context and Memory • The Process Dissociation Framework

  3. Level of Processing (1/3) • Type of processing is more important than the underlying theoretical structure. • For assumption • Memory as the result of a series of analyses • The deeper the level, the more durable memory • Rehearsal is relatively unimportant • On processing rather than on structure • Hyde and Jenkins(1973) • Presence of the letter E or G • Noun or verb • Rate the frequency • How pleasant or unpleasant it was

  4. Level of Processing (2/3)

  5. Level of Processing (3/3) • Craik and Watkins(1973) • Maintenance rehearsal does not lead to improved memory • This result poses a problem for the modal model • Problem • No independent method for determining, whether process A is deeper or shallower than process B • Almost on encoding and little about retrieval

  6. Transfer Appropriate Processing • Includes retrieval • Morris, Bransford, and Franks(1977) • A standard recognition test • A target word has been seen in previous • A rhyming recognition test • A word rhymed with one of the target words • No one type of processing is good for all tests.

  7. Organization and Distinctiveness • Organization • Relationships among the information that is to be remembered in memory • Recall more words from a categorized list • Hunt (1981, 1993) • Organization emphasizes relational processing, item-specific processing emphasizes the particular to-be-remembered item. • Both are important

  8. The Encoding Specificity Principle • The recollection of an event or a certain aspect of it depends on the interaction between the properties of the encoded event and the properties of the retrieval information. • Thomson & Tulving

  9. Context and Memory (1/3) • Smith(1979) • Basement room (18 words) • Soundproof booth (12 words) • Booth with reinstate (17.2 words) • Susukita(1934) • Something learned while calm cannot be recalled when in a state of shock, but can be recalled at a later time when calm is restored.

  10. Context and Memory (2/3) • Eich and Metcalfe(1989) • Experiment with a mood-manipulation • Recalled more words when their moods matched than when the moods were mismatched.

  11. The Process Dissociation Framework • Separate the recollective process from the automatic process • Exclusion test : only automatic or incidental processes can contribute • Inclusion test : both processes are allowed to contribute

  12. Q&A? • Thank you.

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