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Sustainable Water Management in Windhoek: A Comprehensive Analysis

Explore practical data analysis and pilot plant research on water treatment in Windhoek to ensure efficient resource utilization and risk assessment. Learn about plant information and process improvements for sustainable water reuse.

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Sustainable Water Management in Windhoek: A Comprehensive Analysis

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  1. Practical period in Windhoek • General (plant) information • Data analysis • Pilot plant research • Risk assessment

  2. General

  3. Water in Windhoek • Rainwater: limited and evaporates • Rivers: >500km away • Reservoirs: subjected to irregular rains (>70km) • Ground water: wells >50km deep • Windhoek: 250.000 inhabitants • Water demand: 221 liter per person per day Reuse since 1960s: • Irrigation city parks and sports fields • Drinking water supply

  4. Water treatment plants • Owned by City of Windhoek, privately operated Drinking water treatment plants: • Von Bach treatment plants • New Goreangab Water reclamation plant • Ground water boreholes Waste water treatment plants: • Gammams water care works • Otjomuize water care works

  5. Gammams & NGWRP Gammams water care works: • Bar screens, sedimentation • Part stream: trickling filters / humus tanks • Activated sludge, sedimentation • Maturation ponds: 3 – 4 days New Goreangab Water Reclamation Plant • Storage, pre-ozone, coagulation, DAF • Rapid Sand filtration, ozone, BACF, GAC, GAC • Ultra Filtration, chlorination

  6. Water quantity figures

  7. Resource for NGWRP • City of Windhoek sets demand for individual WTP

  8. Risk Assessment • Monte-Carlo analysis (equal MSc Thesis) • Cryptosporidium • DOC • Data from resource • Expert guess with people from WINGOC (conservative approach based on US EPA / literature)

  9. Resource concentration • Twice a week measuring • Since 1996 • Microscopic count • Recovery 30-70% (proven other labs) • Gammams MP8 dataset of 165, 41 possitive • Highest measured = 20 oocysts / liter (recovery 50%) • Gamma: a=0.2; b=33

  10. Removal in treatment plant average/p90 • Pre-ozonation nothing • Coagulation/flocculation/DAF 0.5Log/0.4Log • RSF 0.7Log/0.5Log • Ozonation 2Log/1.5Log • BACF/GAC/GAC 0.5Log/0.3Log • UF 3Log/2.5Log • Chlorination nothing

  11. Results

  12. Scenario’s • Mixing in distribution 1:4

  13. Traffic accidents (2004) • 5 fatal traffic accidents in Windhoek • 57 marked serious • About 1 in 4 alcohol related • What is a risk? • Comments on Monte-Carlo

  14. Data Analysis • Performance of UF • 5 racks (A-E) • Piles of data • Selection: temperature adjusted permeability • K=(Flux*viscosity)/TMP • 360 (L Pa s)/(m2 h Bar) = 1*10-12 m • 3 continues periods of operation • Excluding K’s below 100 • Daily average, p10 and p90

  15. Results (1)

  16. Results (2)

  17. Results (3)

  18. Data analysis, conclusions • No clear decrease in permeability • Decrease of feed flow (flux) -> increase permeability • Suspected effect of integrity checks • Improve storage and handling of data • Not just in retrospect • Prediction method • Often changes of settings • Rack A = worse, B = best (10%)

  19. Pilot plant research

  20. Schematic

  21. Pilot plant research • Testing 40m2 membrane • Comparing with 35m2 membrane module • Water quality effects?

  22. Problems • Chemical pumps • New chemical pump • Algae brake through • Carbon bag fibers? • Many stops

  23. Results (days of detailed research)

  24. Results (2)

  25. Results (3)

  26. Remarks • Many stops, irregular chemical cleans • Little to now effects in water quality • BW after chemical clean

  27. Conclusions • 40m2 membrane seems to perform better then 35m2 • Effect of flux on (prevailing) fouling mechanisms

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