Ancient Greece

1. Ancient Greece

2. Standard SSWH3 The student will examine the political, philosophical, and cultural interaction of Classical Mediterranean societies from 700 BCE to 400 CE. • a. Compare the origins and structure of the Greek polis, the Roman Republic, and the Roman Empire. • b. Identify the ideas and impact of important individuals; include Socrates, Plato, and Aristotle and describe the diffusion of Greek culture by Aristotle’s pupil Alexander the Great and the impact of Julius and Augustus Caesar. • c. Analyze the contributions of Hellenistic and Roman culture; include law, gender, and science. • d. Describe polytheism in the Greek and Roman world and the origins and diffusion of Christianity in the Roman world.

3. EQ • How does Greek civilization influence later and modern society in terms of government, culture, and philosophy?

4. Activator _______ 1. The civilization of ancient Greece was at its peak nearly 1000 years ago. _______ 2. The ancient Greeks had no written language but still produced a very successful civilization. _______ 3. For most of its history, ancient Greece was not a politically unified country. _______ 4. The Greeks formed the world’s first dictatorship. _______ 5. The ancient Greeks believed that one all-powerful god created human beings, ruled over their lives, and decided when they would die. ________ 6. The Greek city-state of Sparta was a militaristic society. ________ 7. The Hellenistic culture results from and is spread by the conquests of Alexander the Great ________ 8. The philosophers were opposed to the early democracy.

5. Geography of Ancient Greece • Polis=city-state in Greece • Fundamental unit of Greek society • Remember a city-state is a city that functions as its own nation (own military, government, etc.) • Run by Male Citizens • Citizen-Soldiers • Helots: peasants forced to work the land • Lots of isolated city-states in Greece that develop independently of each other because of the geography-so Greece not unified for most of its history • Islands and mountains that separate city-states

7. Greek Mythology in Pop Culture • Amazon.com • Nike • Ajax • Midas Auto Repair • Olympics • Pandora • Apollo space program • Aurora borealis • Venus Razors • Achilles Heel

8. Greek Mythology • Traditional stories about Gods • May or may not be true • Explain natural events • Homer: The Iliad and the Odysseyabout Trojan War • Greeks had many different Gods that rules over different domains • Gave their gods human like qualities • Gods are the center of Greek life • Festivals, temples, games, etc. to worship and honor these gods • Zeus: ruler of gods, lives on Mount Olympus

9. Apollo and Athena

10. Mythology Chart • Complete in Notability • State the domain of each listed god or goddess

11. Mythology Project • Introduce guidelines • Tomorrow: Know whom you want to work with and have an idea of 3 to 4 gods you may want to select

12. Greek Government • Different Governments • Monarchy: king rules • Aristocracy: nobles rule • Oligarchy: a few wealthy people rule • Democracy: Citizens vote and express viewpoints • In Greece-male landowners got to vote • Mankind Story of Us Video • http://www.history.com/shows/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us/videos/mankind-the-story-of-all-of-us-birth-of-democracy

13. Government Simulation • Scenario is listed in Schoology • With your group, act out that scenario, showing how the assigned form of government would respond to your situation • Write your skit on paper and practice

14. Summary • Ball Game

15. Persian Wars • Unifies Ancient Greek city-states • Feuding Sparta and Athens unite to fight outsiders • Greeks better equipment, navy, training • Phalanx-Greek fighting formation • Victory at Marathon: messenger to Athens • Battle of Thermopylae: 300 • Greeks win to gain control of Aegean Sea

17. Leonidas

18. Greek Life/Culture • Add Notes

19. Athens vs. Sparta Chart • Use the Athens vs. Sparta Comparison to complete your guided chart on these 2 city-states

20. You as a Person in History • Write a fictional piece that describes your life as either a Spartan or Athenian youth, citizen or woman. Your stories should contain at least three major aspects of Spartan or Athenian life/culture.  • Formal Writing • Submit to Schoology

21. Athens vs. Sparta • Athens: • Valued wisdom and education • Young children would attend formal schools • reading, writing and mathematics, music, poetry, sport and gymnastics. • Had the world’s first democracy • Male landowners vote • Focus on sea trade, arts, culture • Had a large navy • Decorated Athens in marble and gold • Place of art, literature, architecture, plays, theaters • 2 types of Greek plays: tragedy and comedy • Satire of everyday Greek life and emotions • Story of Oedipus Rex by Sophocles • Women not very free and had no rights

22. Theatre

23. Acropolis

24. Parthenon

25. Athens vs. Sparta • Sparta • Oligarchy with hints of monarchy • Ruled by warrior kings with assembly of free males • Militaristic society • Valued war, strength, honor • Education: Trained youth in athletics-boys in military, girls in sports • Emphasized “Sparta over Family” • "Either come back with your shield or on it" • Women seen as near equals to men

26. Checking for Understanding • Which of the following is an accurate comparison of Athens and Sparta? • A Both Athens and Sparta were weak city-states. • B Spartan women did not have as many freedoms as Athenian women. • C The Athenians placed the military at the center of their society; Spartans generally did not. • D Sparta demanded more subordination of its citizens to the demands of the state than Athens.

27. Checking for Understanding • Which of the following is an accurate comparison of Athens and Sparta? • A Both Athens and Sparta were weak city-states. • B Spartan women did not have as many freedoms as Athenian women. • C The Athenians placed the military at the center of their society; Spartans generally did not. • D Sparta demanded more subordination of its citizens to the demands of the state than Athens.

28. Partner Review Questions • Why did the early city-states in Greece develop independently of each other? • What form of government was practiced in ancient Athens where citizens were able to vote? • Would you describe the religion in ancient Greece as monotheistic or polytheistic? • Describe a major difference between the city-states of Athens and Sparta.

29. Activity-Travel Brochure • Choose either Sparta or Athens • Create in Pages or any app of your choice • Use your chart, notes, writing, web links to detail your city-state • Tell about its advantages to the prospective visitors. • Highlights may include: cultural activities (such as drama, music and arts); recreation, athletics and sports; religious sites; architecture and famous sites; schools/education; accommodations (like homes where the tourists can stay with some of the locals or homes for sale); transportation; tourist sites (statues, temples, etc.); and food. • Include a map showing where your city-state is located, and sites tourists should visit. • In another smaller section you may want to add "travel alerts" which warn the tourist of some of the dangers he/she might encounter while staying in your city-state

30. Summary • Ball Game

31. Peloponnesian War • Athens vs. Sparta • Athens-Head of the Delian League • Sparta-Head of the Peloponnesian League • Athens got “too big for its britches” and tried to tell Sparta, and the rest of Greece what to do • Athens-stronger navy, but Sparta stronger army • Athens defeated • IMPACT: led to decline in democracy

32. Philosophers Quotes

33. Philosophers Questions • Complete the Philosophers Questions in schoology • Use the webquest/links given to you in Schoology to complete it

34. Philosophers • Philosophers:“Lovers of Wisdom” • Try to use rational thought/common sense to explain human and everyday behavior • Three Main Philosophers of Athens: • Socrates • Plato • Aristotle • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GmHAdgDkcCw

35. Socrates • Q&A—Socratic Method • Teaching/examining through asking questions and making the subject analyze their actions • Questioned the government and the gods of Athens • Charged with corrupting the youth of Athens, condemned to death • SOCRATIC QUESTIONING SIMULATION

36. Socrates

37. Plato • Wrote the stories/details of Socrates • Hated the democracy • Wrote The Republic • Perfectly governed society where philosophers were kings • Had a philosophy school names The Academy

38. Aristotle • Studied at the Academy under Plato • Questioned nature and humanity • Came up with the Scientific method • Tutor for Alexander the Great

39. Aristotle

40. Philosophers Eulogy • Choose one of the 3 philosophers to research further • YOU ARE GIVING THE EULOGY AT HIS FUNERAL AS A TRIBUTE TO HIS LIFE!   • Include basic facts about his life, but mostly focus on his contributions to society both in the era in which he died as well as modern day society. • Can be a speech or a poem

41. Summary • Ball Game

42. Alexander Map Activity

43. Alexander the Great • From Macedonia • Takes over the kingdom after the death of his father Phillip II • Phillip had the idea to conquer Greece • Alexander carries out his father’s plan • Expands the empire: conquers Greece, Persia, Egypt, and the Indus Valley over a 13 year period • Welcomed in Egypt because they were being ruled by the Persian • Egypt named Alexander a Pharaoh • Master at battle tactics • Never defeated in battle

45. Hellenistic Culture • Hellenistic culture: Blend of Greek, Egyptian, Persian, Indian cultures in to one • Alexander married a Persian woman and adopted Persian dress • Alexander Spread Greek ideas and culture everywhere • Planned cities • Theaters, architecture all like Greece • Named many cities Alexandria

46. Hellenistic Culture • Science & Technology • Lat and Long for maps and sky charts • Astronomy: earth/sun at center discussion • Eratosthenes, accurate circumference • “Geography” • Ptolemy • Geometry: Euclid’s school, Pythagorean Theorem • Archimedes: pully, lever, steam engine, screw

47. Hellenistic Culture • Philosophy • Stoicism: control desire, live in harmony with natural and divine laws • Sounds like what religion? • Epicureanism: harmonize body and mind • Sounds like what Chinese philosophy?

48. Checking for Understanding • The spread of Greek Culture all over the eastern Mediterranean and the former Persian Empire is known as • A: Zoroastrianism • B Olympization • C Hellenization • D Greekization

49. Checking for Understanding • The spread of Greek Culture all over the eastern Mediterranean and the former Persian Empire is known as • A: Zoroastrianism • B Olympization • C Hellenization • D Greekization

50. Alexander Playlist Activity