3D Geological mapping Portland, Oregon – October 17, 2009

1. Insights in the ductile history of the northern 3D GEOLOGICAL MAPPING: AN INESCAPABLE EVOLUTION FOR NATIONAL GEOLOGICAL SURVEYSC. Truffert 3D Geological mapping Portland, Oregon – October 17, 2009

2. 3D Geological Modelling • Core mission of Geological Survey in Europe • Main objectives of 3D geological modelling at the french Geological survey • Examples of applications • Tracks in R&D

3. Core mission of Geological Survey in Europe • To describe the solid Earth’s surface and subsurface on-shore and off-shore, its nature, structure, properties, dynamics and evolution over time including its related (geo)resources and (geo) hazards • To meet requirements, at Global, European, national down to local scale Observing, understanding and managing the subsurface is critical to competitiveness and sustainable development

4. Main objectives in 3D mapping/modelling • Surface • Agriculture • Land planning • Building materials • Urban geology Surface • Subsurface • Geothermal energy • Water / oil & gas / coal /mineral resources • CO2 storage/ gas storage / waste storage… • Threats • Soil saturation • Clay expansion and flooding • Pollutions • Structures unstability Sub-surface

5. 3D Geological Modelling • Core mission of Geological Survey in Europe • Main objectives of 3D geological modelling at the french Geological survey • Examples of applications • Tracks in R&D

6. More than 650 000 logs More than 350 000 km of seismic lines More than 6 000 deep borholes 1064 sheets at 1:50 000 scale Airborne geophysics More than 417 000 gravimetric stations Main objectives of 3D modelling - BRGM

7. Evaluation of the geothermal potential Limagne Basin area 30x35x3 km Geological model -> Thermal model 3D Geological Modelling at BRGM Two main levels to meet requirements • Construction of 3D geological models • geometry • properties • uncertainties • Simulation of processes within the 3D models (water or CO2 flow, seismic, …)

8. « home made » Methodologies and software 3D Geological Modelling at BRGM Software & methods A portfolio of software: • Layer-cake geometry, many data • GDM + MULTILAYER • Complex geometry, true 3D objects, geophysical inversion • GEOMODELLER • Simple geometry, fault network & petrophysical properties • PETREL (Schlumberger) • EARTH VISION (Dynamic Graphics) • Simple geometry, Geostatistic • MULTILAYER + ISATIS (Armines)

9. 3D Geological Modelling • Core mission of Geological Survey in Europe • Main objectives of 3D geological modelling at the french Geological survey • Examples of applications • Tracks in R&D

10. 3D Geological Modelling at BRGMApplication fields • Basic geology knowledge (regional / local scale) • Aquifer inventory; input model for flow simulation • Urban planning • Seismic risk • Engineering projects (tunnel / mineral water …) • CO2 storage capacity • Geothermal potential • Oil & Gas and Mineral exploration

11. 3D Geological Modelling at BRGM1. Example from CO2 storage application – Paris Basin Logs database from petroleum industry 70 selected logs

12. 3D Geological Modelling at BRGM1. Example from CO2 storage application Dogger stratigraphic level within Paris Basin Created with PETREL

13. Tertiary aquitard Cretaceous aquifer Malm aquifer Argovian aquitard Dogger aquifer Lias aquitard Trias (no informations) Flow model characteristics:Number of elements: 63294Single element dimensions: - dx = 200 m - dy = 200 m - dz = 75 m Catchment Basin Noiraigue Spring Z X Y Z X Y Conversion to 3D Hydraulic Parameters for the flow simulation 3D Geological Modelling at BRGM 2. Example from ground water applicationStudy site: The "Vallée des Ponts-de-Martel" (Jura mountains, Switzerland)Hydrogelogical situation: Noiraigue spring drains the Karstic aquifer Created with

14. 3D Geological Modelling at BRGM2.Examplesfrom ground water application Aquifer inventory / input model for flow simulation Infra-Toarcian aquifer Poitiers region (MultiLayer) Model of SAQ aquifers Saudi Arabia (EarthVision)

15. 3D Geological Modelling at BRGM3. Example from seismic risk • 3D modelling for simulation of seismic waves propagation • Nice (France, 2002) : Geometry (GEOMODELLER) • Aquitaine Basin (France, 2008) : Geometry (GEOMODELLER)

16. 3D Geological Modelling at BRGM4. Examples from Urban Geology • Lyon (2000) : Geometry (GDM) + 3D flow simulation • Bordeaux (2006) : Geometry (MULTILAYER+ISATIS); Geotechnical and hydrogeological properties (ISATIS) 3D probability map of being in a low permeability terrain in the alluviums of a sector of Bordeaux city Size of model: approx 7 km * 6 km * 15 m

17. 3D Geological Modelling at BRGM5.Examples fromEngineering projects • France-Italy Fast-Train Tunnel (2005): Geometry (GEOMODELLER)

18. 3D Geological Modelling at BRGM6.Examples fromBasic geological knowledge Laragne (GEOMODELLER) Paris Basin (MultiLayer)

19. 3D Geological Modelling at BRGM7.Examples from mineral exploration • Mafic and ultra-mafic complex (2009)

20. 3D Geological Modelling • Core mission of Geological Survey in Europe • Main objectives of 3D geological modelling at the french Geological survey • Examples of applications • Tracks in R&D

21. Tracks in R & D • How to deal with larger and more complex dataset? • How to share models (web enabled, interactivity, interoperability, standard compliancy?)? • Models meshing – does a generic meshing methods exist for all applications? • How to use geostatistical approach coming from mining or oil & gas exploration for geological survey's applications • how to deal with geometry uncertainties? • how to populate geological model with facies or physical properties?

22. Conclusion • 3D geological mapping/modelling is now considered by the BRGM as feasible and inescapable for it • BRGM deals with a portfolio of software to address a wide area of topics • BRGM invests for developing tools and methods in 3D mapping/modelling and 3D simulation • BRGM wants to share expertise and experience in this domain

23. Thank you!