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Genetics

Genetics. Click picture. Genetics Unit of Study. Part One – DNA and mitosis Part Two – Protein Synthesis Part Three – Inheritance Part Four – Other Genetics Topics. Part 4. Other Genetics Topics. Reproductive Cloning. Therapeutic Cloning. Transgenic Organisms. Stem Cells. Gene Therapy.

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Genetics

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  1. Genetics Click picture

  2. Genetics Unit of Study • Part One – DNA and mitosis • Part Two – Protein Synthesis • Part Three – Inheritance • Part Four – Other Genetics Topics

  3. Part 4 Other Genetics Topics Reproductive Cloning Therapeutic Cloning Transgenic Organisms Stem Cells Gene Therapy

  4. Reproductive Cloning: Twins • Identical: same sperm and egg, zygote divides in two • Fraternal: different sperm and egg fertilized at the same time Human cloning: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Tw1CX6ku0NQ&feature=related

  5. So are identical twins really identical? • Genetically identical because they came from the same DNA in the same fertilized egg • Can develop differences in DNA due to mutations • Will have differences, such as different fingerprints, due to the slightly different environmental conditions during development (different location in the uterus, different blood supply, and other microenvironmental factors)

  6. Clones: genetically identical copies of an organism Identical twins = natural clones • First sheep cloned “Dolly” • First cat cloned “copy cat”

  7. Reproductive Cloning – how does it work? Video: http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=AdPXF448mjs

  8. More Clones endangered

  9. August 6, 2003 - cloning of the first horse from an adult cell. The cell was taken from the mother's skin and fused with one of her eggs. This means that her newborn baby is also her genetic twin.

  10. “Stem Cells” - Therapeutic cloning 6-10 days after conception These new cells can be used to replace damaged cells in the body

  11. The zygote may not need to come from egg and sperm.. Scientists are now using other body cells to provide the DNA http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7tbxN5uwaqA&NR=1&feature=fvwp

  12. Gene Therapy – repairing Damaged DNA • Replacing damaged DNA with new DNA • Using viruses to deliver the new DNA Chronic Myeloid Leukemia cure video: Curing Cancer

  13. It’s a Strange New World Genes from coral inserted into mice make mice glow red Genes from firefly inserted into tobacco plant make it glow green

  14. It’s a Strange New World Genes from jellyfish have been inserted into pigs Now they glow green • Why would you want a pig (or mouse, or plant) to glow? • shows that the gene transfer was successful • gets public attention • glowing cells can be used as markers in further experiments

  15. It’s a Strange New World These transgenic papaya plants in Hawaii are resistant to an attack by a virus that has killed the plants that surround them Insulin for treatment of diabetes is being produced by this safflower

  16. It’s a Strange New World Transgenic mosquitos – don’t spread malaria….we’re hoping they will breed with natural mosquitos and the gene will be passed on. Transgenic goats are being used to create a medicine for people who have a blood clotting disorder. Now we can get the protein in the goat’s milk rather than getting the protein from human blood donation.

  17. What is a Toyger?

  18. Toyger • A toyger is a domesticated cat that looks like a tiger • Judy Sudgen created the miniature tiger with 15 years of breeding • It costs from $800 to $5000

  19. What is a puggle?

  20. Puggle • A mixture of dog breeds between a pug and a beagle + =

  21. Ligers • A cross between a male lion and a female tiger • It can not reproduce if it is a female lion and a male tiger • How many pounds is it? • How do they compare with their parents? • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=CD6vpheUoPE • http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8HgW86TwF_o

  22. Where will this lead? New food supplies? New treatments/cures for diseases? New problems? A new way of living? Gene mapping for every organism?

  23. What are the goals of the Human Genome Project? identify all the approximately 20,000-25,000 genes in human DNA determinethe sequences of the 3 billion chemical base pairs that make up human DNA store this information in databases improve tools for data analysis transfer related technologies to the private sector address the ethical, legal, and social issues that may arise from the project.

  24. Click link to see the gallery of chromosome maps http://genomics.energy.gov/gallery/chromosomes/gallery-01.html A good genetics tutorial site (DNA from the Beginning) http://www.dnaftb.org/dnaftb/

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