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This report provides a summary of country experiences in Europe regarding the monitoring of water use efficiencies and the derivation of cost-effective measures to protect water resources. It also includes forecasts of economic development and their impact on water abstraction and use, as well as cross-country comparisons via indicators. The report highlights the challenges and recommended data sources for collecting accurate and reliable water use data.
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Physical supply and use tablesSummary of country experiences in Europe
Purposes • National level: • Monitoring of water use efficiencies • Which economic activity creates the biggest pressure on the different water sources? • Derivation of cost-effective measures to protect water resources from exhaustion (requirement of the EU Water Framework Directive) • Forecasts of economic development forecasts of water abstraction and use • Breakdown to river basin level and administrative areas • … • European level: • Same as national level • Cross-country comparisons via indicators
Data collection EU Countries and OECD countries: Eurostat/OECD Joint Questionnaire on Inland waters • Water abstraction and supply and use tables according to NACE 2 digits classification: • Public water supply (41) • Agriculture, forestry, fishing (01-05) • of which: Irrigation • Manufacturing industry (15-37) • of which: industry-cooling • Production of electricity (cooling) (40.1) • Other activities (50-93) • Households -> representing the physical side of supply and use, same data can be used for physical supply and use tables
Table 2 Table 3 General water flow scheme (JQ Inland Waters)
Selected results from pilot studies (country comparison – absolute values)
Selected results from pilot studies (country comparison – water use per EUR of value added)
Typical and recommended data sources • Abstraction and supply by water supply industries • Census on water supply industries by NSIs • Data from invoicing of water supply • Water (supply) associations • Water abstraction and use by industries • Existing administrative data (e.g. from checking of water permits) • Surveys by NSIs (biggest water users and representative water users) • Calculation with water use factors (per unit of product / per EUR value added / per employee…) • Expert estimation • Water abstraction and use by agriculture • Administrative data • Farmers Association • Invoicing data • Agriculture statistics • Expert calculations • Water abstraction and use by households • Household census and water use factors
Challenges • (Legally) binding data collection • Contradictions in data from different sources • Data accuracy • Trends within margin of error? • Different accuracy from different data sources • Data collection according to NACE / ISIC classifications • Awareness of policy makers, media and public
Conclusion • There is a legal requirement to link physical water use data with economic data: EU Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC • Water Accounts are one of many tools and will be more and more important in the near future • Countries with most water-related problems have the best experience in water accounting • There is the political and economic need for this data and derived indicators • Data sources • Administrative data • Census data • Calculation with co-efficients • Requirement for data exchange with other institutions: • Ministry of Environment / Agriculture / Water Management • Environment Agency • Water Associations • Universities (e.g. for water use factors) • …