An Appropriate Planning Approach Towards Safe and Sustainable Housing in Pakistan

1. An Appropriate Planning Approach Towards Safe and Sustainable Housing in Pakistan By Dr. Qamar ul Islam UNDP/NDMA-DRR Consultant (Ministry of Housing & Works, Islamabad) Ex-Chairman, CRP Department, UET, Lahore Conference on Working Together for Disaster Risk Reduction Convention Centre, Islamabad 8th October 2009

2. ABSTRACT • Safety, security and other characteristics do generate efficient working conditions to achieve objectives of United Nations Millennium Development Goals (MDGs) through bottom up planning approach. • In broad sense safe and disaster proof housing can be achieved through Disaster Risk Reduction (DRR) elements integrated with decentralized planning process. • These DRR efforts under NDMA/UNDP umbrella in the decentralized planning process may bring considerable safe and sustainable housing in Pakistan. • Even this is not sufficient, therefore validating of effective housing schemes through DRR integrated software system based on 8 codes has been suggested.

3. Pakistan: The challenge of vulnerable housing in seismic zones in the country • The effects of earthquakes and other hazards have affected the human beings and their settlements of various uses. • After the Earthquake-2005, homes have been ruined and it represents vulnerable living conditions in the affected areas (in seismic zones) particular and in other areas in general. Figure on next page shows various regions of seismic zones of Pakistan.

5. Major approaches to improve living conditions in the country There have been some major approaches to improve living conditions: • Top down planning approach • Bottom up planning approach • Mixed approach

6. Top down Vs Bottom up • Planning Approaches • Over the last two decades of 20th century ‘top down’ approach has been much criticized with ‘bottom up’ approaches to improve living structures. • For example ‘top down’ approach was well established in Thailand since 1961 and later in 1979 ‘bottom up’ approach was adopted (Vorathepputipong, 1988 and Kachang, 1995). • United States of America, Pakistan, India and many other countries also adopted bottom up approach in the 1980s and replicated in 21st century.

7. Questions: • Under the present conditions how can we improve the safety of our • houses under the prevailing processes in the perspectives of • devolution plan in Pakistan? • Formulation and registration of prevailing process of CCBs under centralized or decentralized processes. • (ii) Planning and implementation processes of prevailing replicated effective programme under centralized or decentralized processes. • (iii) Preparation for successful Programme Replication Software (PRS) for the prevailing replicated effective programme in Pakistan.

8. Methodology: In order to explore the effective and sustainable approach to generate safe and better houses three regions of Pakistan were taken into research and analysis. Mountainous region: Chakwal and Attock etc Central plain region: Jhang, Sargodha, Sheikhupra etc Southern desert region: Cholistan desert see next Figure

10. Safe Homes • by better living conditions • The Approaches of Centralised and Decentralised Planning Processes • The cases in Bar and Bet (flood) lands • The cases of planned and unplanned settlements • The cases of settlements in the desert areas

12. Safe Homes • by better living conditions • Chakwal District • in Mountainous region • The cases of planned and unplanned settlements • Budhial • Rabbal

14. Safe Homes by better living conditions Cholistan Desert in Desert region The cases of various settlements Derawar Chananpir

15. Life in Chananpir in Cholistan desert , making safe home according to local conditions

16. Participant observers, while staying in simple and safe homes Chananpir, fetching water from toba-

18. Making Community Disaster Resilient • Risk reduction measures most successful when they involve the direct participation of the people most likely to be exposed to hazards, in the planning, decision-making, and operational activities at all levels of responsibility • Local leaders, drawn from political, social and economic sectors of society need to assume a primary responsibility for the protection of their own community.

19. Making Community Disaster Resilient • The involvement of local residents in protecting their own resources is possible and can work – if sufficient attention and investment is devoted to the subject.

20. The essential role of community action • Disaster reduction is most effective at the community level where specific local needs can be met. • When used alone, government and institutional interventions often prove to be insufficient and frequently are seen to be random and only responding to crises. • A top-down approach is inclined to ignore local perceptions and needs and the potential value of local resources and capacities in the process.

21. The essential role of community action • As a result, it is not surprising that emergency relief assistance far exceeds resources invested to develop local disaster risk reduction capabilities • First, communities must be aware of the importance of disaster reduction for their own well-being. It then becomes necessary to identify and impart essential skills that can translate risk awareness into concrete practices of sustained risk management. • Such an approach needs to develop activities that can strengthen communities’ capacities to identify and cope with hazards, and more broadly to improve residents’ livelihoods

22. Key Programme Areas Social Empowerment Economic Empowerment Technological Empowerment Personality Awakening Family Awakening Village Awakening Economic Political Urban Awakening Cultural Social Spiritual National Awakening Moral Global Awakening Dimensions of Awakening Levels of “Awakening” Resilience Development

23. DRR Approach

24. Figure 9.1: Comparison of combined effect of development indicators before and after the implementation of devolution plan

25. The Current Development Plans should be DRR based and also recommended for Murree Master Plan under TDCP-a recent example in Punjab • TECHNICAL GUIDELINES through “DISASTER RISK REDUCTION GUIDED PLANS” • i) DRR Guided National Development Plan (DRR-GNDP) • ii) DRR Guided Regional Development Plan (DRR-GRDP) • iii) DRR Guided Structure Development Plan (DRR-GSDP) • iv) DRR Guided Master Development Plan (DRR-GMDP) • v) DRR Guided Local Development Plan (DRR-GLDP) • DRR GUIDED MASTER DEVELOPMENT PLAN of MURREE

26. These DRR Sensitive Guided plans will meet the following: Keeping in views safe and safety of human beings and their settlements there should be mitigation strategies for different types of infrastructure development projects of the respective indicators; • Indicators to measure the implementation of DRR strategies in development projects; • With the help of Developed sector specific training material and organize respective practical trainings under the decentralised planning processes (on different challenges related to DRR). Practical examples are- MWG campaigns in the current working plans towards safe and sustainable development of respective houses and homes of the locals and public buildings.

27. Validating Replication 1. Programme selector Under devolution Codes: 01, 02 2. Project selected Codes: 03, 04 8. PRS package-2 Monitoring, Evaluation & Effectiveness Code16, 17, 18,199 3. Project Replication Pre requisites Codes: 05, 06 Under devolution 4. Management Team CCB, MG and ADLG system Codes: 07, 08, 09 7. PRS package-1 Codes, Validity Indices, Failure or Success, 14-15 Codes: 14, 15 6. Selection of area Existing conditions Codes: 12, 13 5. Project ExecutionWorking group Codes: 10, 11 Programme through PRS Figure : Proposed validating replication of master programme through software system

28. Thanks