How do the components of the immune system work together to keep us free from disease?

1. How do the components of the immune system work together to keep us free from disease? SC.912.L.14.52 Explain the basic functions of the human immune system, including specific and nonspecific immune responses, vaccines, and antibiotics.

2. DIN #1 Scientists developed a vaccine to protect humans from the H1N1 virus, which caused 17,000 deaths in 2009. Which of the following persons would most likely contract the H1N1 virus? A. A person who did not receive the vaccine and has a weakened immune system due to other conditions. B. A person who received the vaccine and has a weakened immune system due to other conditions. C. A person who did not receive the vaccine but has a normal immune system. D. A person who received the vaccine and has a normal immune system.

3. Bellringer The body uses nonspecific immune responses as the first line of defense when we are exposed to pathogenic or disease causing organisms. Which of the following factors is a nonspecific response? A. Antibodies are produced after an infection. B. Bacterial cell surface proteins start a response. C. Unbroken skin provides a physical barrier. D. Vaccine injections will imitate viral exposure.

4. WHO SPREAD IT?! Someone in your class was not feeling well last night and is possessing flu-like symptoms. Instead of staying home, this student came to school today and began spreading the flu virus to numerous students. Your goal is to find out…. WHO SPREAD THE FLU? Create a data graph like the one pictured below:

5. WHO SPREAD IT?! • Obtain a cup with clear solution • Find another person in the room and pour half of your solution in their cup. They will then pour half of their solution in your cup. Record person 1’s name on your data sheet. • Repeat step two with two more different people and then sit down at your table.

6. How do diseases spread? The Germ Theory Louis Pasteur PATHOGENS cause DISEASE Bacteria Viruses Protists Fungi Worms

7. What is a PATHOGEN? • Bacteria (Lyme disease, anthrax, botulism) • Viruses (Common cold, flu, warts, Ebola) Bacteria – (lyme disease) Tick bite Bacteria – Kitchen sponge Bacteria – Anthrax

8. What is a PATHOGEN?

9. Pathogens cause disease • Protists (African sleeping sickness, malaria, ameobic dysentery) • Fungi (Athlete’s foot, ringworm, nail infections) • Worms (Trichinosis, pinworms, hookworms)

10. Transmission (spread) of disease • Physical contact with a sick person or animal; insect bites • Indirect contact (sneezes, coughs, touching contaminated surfaces) • Eating contaminated food or drinking water containing pathogens

11. How are Bacteria and Viruses different?

12. Types of Immunity

13. Types of Immune Responses

14. Scientists developed a vaccine to protect humans from the H1N1 virus, which caused 17,000 deaths in 2009. Which of the following persons would most likely contract the H1N1 virus? A. A person who did not receive the vaccine and has a weakened immune system due to other conditions. B. A person who received the vaccine and has a weakened immune system due to other conditions. C. A person who did not receive the vaccine but has a normal immune system. D. A person who received the vaccine and has a normal immune system.

15. The body uses nonspecific immune responses as the first line of defense when we are exposed to pathogenic or disease causing organisms. Which of the following factors is a nonspecific response? A. Antibodies are produced after an infection. B. Bacterial cell surface proteins start a response. C. Unbroken skin provides a physical barrier. D. Vaccine injections will imitate viral exposure.

16. Exit ticket question 1 Antibiotics such as penicillin and streptomycin have been used to treat diseases such as Lyme disease and tuberculosis. Which types of disease causing organisms can be killed or reduced in number by antibiotics? A. Both bacteria and viruses respond to antibiotic treatment. B. Only bacteria respond to antibiotics, and viruses are not affected. C. Only viruses respond to antibiotics, and bacteria are not affected. D. Neither bacteria nor viruses are affected by the use of antibiotics.

17. Exit ticket question 2 One student feels that a person who has just recovered from a cold cannot get the flu, while another student says that this statement is wrong. What facts about the immune system can be used to determine who is right? A. Antibodies made against the cold virus will help white blood cells prevent the flu virus. B. Nonspecific responses triggered by the cold such as inflammation will stop the flu virus. C. The cold virus antibodies are too specific and will have no effect on the flu virus. D. The cold will deplete defensive blood proteins and the flu virus will multiply faster.

18. Exit ticket question 3 The immune system has both specific and nonspecific defenses against viral infections. Which statement describes a nonspecific response of the immune system in fighting viral infections? A. T cells are produced to search out and destroy the viruses. B. Memory B cells are activated to rapidly respond to the viral infection. C. Plasma cells quickly replicate and release antibodies that bind to the viruses. D. Virus-infected cells produce interferons that lead to the inhibition of viral replication

19. Essential Question Using SRE (statement, reason, & evidence), answer the Essential Question on the left hand page of your Interactive Journal under the measles story. • How do the components of the immune system work together to keep us free from disease?