Candy – How Sweet It Is, and Was!

1. Candy – How Sweet It Is, and Was!

2. A Multidisciplinary, Project-based, and Critical Exploration of the World of Candy.

3. Theobroma Cacao means “food of the gods” . . . as it was used in the Mayan and Aztec ceremonies.

4. Big Questions about Candy

5. What is the history of candy? What were the first sweets in the world? What are some different ways candy and cacao have been used by people through time, and around the world?

6. Holidays and Cultures What role has candy played in various holiday celebrations through time and through various cultures?

7. Economics What role does the candy industry play in the economy? Examine this question from ancient history through present day. Hershey’s plant

8. Social Issues • What social issues, past and present, are related to the candy industry? • Sustainable cocoa farming • Biodiversity • Agroforestry • Labor issues

9. Critical Pedagogy Where do we find evidence of the “isms”, such as race, class, gender, etc., within our studies of the candy industry? How can we effect change?

10. Health and Fitness Is candy good for you? What are the connections among candy, nutrition, and fitness?

11. The Sciences What roles do the sciences play in candy-making – from the plantation to the shelf in the store?

12. Media Culture What is the role of candy in the media culture? How can we use multiple forms of media to effect change in the world, as in social issues related to candy or fundraising with candy?

13. Connections Language Arts Science Health Social Studies Mathematics Service-Learning The Arts Multimedia Big Project Ideas Global Classroom Multiple Literacies Multiple Intelligences

14. Language Arts • Research • Writing • Literature – nonfiction, fiction, legends, myths, poetry • Media – film, commercials, music Connections

15. Science • Health/Nutrition • Agriculture • Biodiversity • Nutrition • Environment • Chemistry • Physics • Microbiology • Engineering Connections

16. Health/Nutrition/PE • Carbs and fats • Nutrition bars • Obesity in children • Reading nutrition labels • Health benefits of chocolate Connections

17. MONTEZUMA, the Aztec emperor, was said to drink up to 50 goblets of chocolate per day. Social Studies • History – • United States, European, World, Ancient Civilizations • Geography • Government/Law • Social Issues - Slavery, Child labor, Environment Connections

18. Mathematics • Economics • Weights and Measurements • Graphing Connections

19. The Arts • Music • Art • Film • Dance Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory Connections

20. Multimedia • Documentaries – science, history, social issues, etc. • Advertising - TV, Radio and Print Ads • Cooking Show • “The Apprentice” • Make a movie • DVD – recipes ($$$) • Web site • Power Point Alton Brown and his show, Good Eats, on the Food Network. Connections

21. Service-Learning Candy sales to raise money for a cause – for example, Hurricane Katrina victims, or for children who are victims of slavery or forced labor on cacao plantations. Connections

22. Global Classroom • Collaborate with students in other countries • Write to candy makers and get samples from around the world – compare wrappers for same candies • Global research Connections

23. Big Project Ideas • Candy Fair & Museum • Film Festival – premiere student-made films of various genre • Documentaries • TV commercials • Cooking Show • TV show • Apprentice-style project • Cookbook – print & DVD Connections

24. Cooking Show I always encourage teachers to have their students create, videotape, edit, save on DVD and then sell their shows just the way Alton Brown of Good Eats does. His shows incorporate sciences, history, geography, math and so much more! This would be a great project for the Candy theme. Read more at www.21stCenturySchools.com/Cooking_Show.htm The Thermochemical Joy of Cooking - This bud’s for you: Brown suits up to show how plant sugars are released as starch during cooking.

25. The Apprentice Mar’s Candy Bar Sale - “As a chocolate lover, Trump took great pleasure in describing the next task. The candidates were challenged to work with M&M/Mars to sell M-Azing, their new M&Ms-filled candy bar. “ http://www.nbc.com/nbc/The_Apprentice_2/omarosas_commentary/index.shtmlhttp://www.lewrockwell.com/latulippe/apprentice.jpg

26. Resources Research: How Sweet It Is (and Was) – the History of Candy, by Ruth Freeman Swain. Fascinating book, illustrated as a children’s book, but filled with extremely interesting stories of the history of candy, explaining how candy plays an important part in holiday celebrations and day-to-day life. I recommend this book as an introduction to a unit on candy. 2003, Holiday House, New York. Candy, the Sweet History, by Beth Kimmerle – a beautiful book, must-have for a unit on candy, has lots of information on hard-to-find local favorites made by small, family-owned factories, filled with timelines and fun candy facts. Beautiful pictures. 2003, Collector’s Press, Inc. Chocolate – the Sweet History, by Beth Kimmerle - details chocolate’s history, highlighting long-standing companies, tales of family recipes, company mergers, and advent of chocolate marketing. Historical details, including chocolate’s Aztec origins and the mythology surrounding the cocoa plant, a timelines depicting the development of the chocolate trade. Beautiful photos. 2005, Collector’s Press, Inc.

27. The New Taste of Chocolate – a Cultural & Natural History of Cacao with Recipes, by Marieel E. Presilla. A rich history of the science and history of the cacao bean. Includes a collection of recipes from internationally renowned pastry chefs and chocolatiers. Beautifully illustrated. 2001, Ten Speed Press. Sweets – a history of candy, by Tim Richardson. This book considers the question of cross-cultural confections. Each section ends with a special section devoted to a traditional flavor favorite, such as Marshmallows, Marzipan, Licorice, Turkish delight, Baklava, and Chewing Gum. An excellent resource, full of details about the science, history, etc., of candy. A must-have resource for a unit of study on candy. Candy freak – a journey through the chocolate underbelly of America, by Steve Almond. Another excellent must-have for research on the history and science of candy. 2004, A Harvest Book, Harcourt, Inc. Very Fun, Slightly Sticky Stuff to do with Candy – Projects, Recipes, Games, by Barbara Kane. 2002, Klutz, Inc. www.klutz.com

28. Children’s Literature Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, by Roald Dahl More to come . . . .

29. Films Willy Wonka and the Chocolate Factory, starring Gene Wilder, 1971. Charlie and the Chocolate Factory, starring Johnny Depp, 2005. More to come . . .

30. Economics of Candy Economic Impact related to – • Agriculture • Marketing • Transportation – • Shipping raw products • Transport from factory

31. Confectioners Jelly Belly Hershey’s Mars Cadbury Nestle Kraft

32. Factories The machines, the processes, the people.

33. From Factory to Consumer • Trucks • Roads • Taxes • Labor • Marketing • Natural resources – steel, oil, rubber

34. Agroforestry: Cultivated Biodiversity Agroforestry is the intentional cultivation of trees and shrubs in combination with agricultural crops or forage. It also includes tree and shrub plantings on farms and ranches that improve habitat value for humans and wildlife, or that provide woody plant products in addition to crops and forage. Agroforestry provides income for the landowner as well as conservation and environmental benefits for the land.

35. Common Agroforestry Practices Riparian buffer strips Stream bank bioengineering Specialty crop systems Alley cropping; windbreaks Forest farming Living snow fences Grazing and timber systems Wildlife habitat plantings Waste disposal systems

36. Multiple Literaciesfor the 21st century Connections

37. Visual Literacy Use of flow charts, graphic organizers, photography, video, web sites, clip art, photos, drawings, works of art, . . . .

38. Aural Literacy Incorporating speech, music, song, and sound effects into products.

39. Cyberliteracy Using the Internet to locate valid information in their research. Using Internet to connect with other students, factories, agencies, organizations, and other experts via email.

40. Ecoliteracy Cacao Tree (above) and inside the ripe pods are the cacao tree's seeds: the cocoa beans (right).

41. Emotional Literacy We all have strong emotional connections to candy. What are some of your favorite childhood memories of candy ? Where did you buy it? What was your favorite candy? What was your grandmother’s favorite?

42. Financial Literacy • Candy industry – bigger than the steel industry! • Labor issues on cacao plantations • Production, distribution and transportation • Employment • Advertising and marketing

43. Media Literacies The ability to analyze, evaluate, critique and produce media messages: • Candy in the movies and television • Commercials – TV, radio, print, etc. • Create your version of The Apprentice – • Cooking show and DVD

44. Information Literacy • Sorting through and identifying valid information. • Knowing how to find and use primary and secondary information • Interpreting data. • Creating and dispensing information

45. Multicultural Literacy Exploring candy from cultures around the world – they are NOT the same! Various cultural uses of candy through time. Collaborative research with students from other cultures and countries. See http://www.21stcenturyschools.com/Global_Classroom.htm

46. A Quiz for Those Who Think They Know Their Chocolate Go to http://www.calacademy.org/exhibits/chocolate/chocolate_facts.php or view it on our Chocolate Quiz PowerPoint

47. Multiple Intelligences http://www.multi-intell.com//MI_chart.html Connections

48. Vocabulary This is a tiny beginning of a list . . . There will be many categories. Nutrition/Health Vocabulary Antioxidants Carbohydrates Blood vessel Cardiovascular system Flavonoids Metabolism Artery Blood platelet Lipoproteins Cholesterol Stearic acid Cocoa butter Saturated fats Trans fats Neurotransmitters Serotonin Endorphin Sucrose