Pas s c h e n d a e l e 1 9 1 7 !

1. Passchendaele 1917! By Melissa, Shonté, Fipe, Vili, Tai Benand Damien

2. When/Where • The battle of Passchendaele was held between the end of July and December 1917 in Belgium. • The battle of Passchendaele was also known as the third battle of Ypres.

3. Goal/Tactics -Attempts to break through the coast of Belgium German Submarine pens could be destroyed -General Haig believed in breakthrough by using leap frog tactic -Attrition tactics- applying pressure (physically and mentally.)

4. The Nature of Battle • To gain their objective, the Allies had to gain control of the village of Passchendaele near Ypres. German artillery gunners held the high ground above the Ypres salient on the Messines Ridge.

5. Technology • Heavy artillery bombardment • Aerial reconnaissance was impossible • Tanks were useless due to the environment • Germans used mustard gas

6. Important Individuals • General Haig • Winston Churchill • Joffre • Lloyd George • Robert Nivelle

7. Casualty • Churchill and Lloyd George claimed Allied casualties reached up to 400,000 • The Allied forces suffered over 300,000 casualties and the Germans suffered 260,000 • Canadians lost 80% of two division in early November.

8. A Primary Source

9. Significance • The battle of Passchendaele is also known as the third battle of Ypres. (leper) • It symbolises the futility of much of the fighting on the Western Front • The Allied forces suffered over 300,000 casualties and the Germans suffered 260,000 • Military analysts have criticised General Haig for having continued the offensive- regardless of its cost in casualties- and for not having been more flexible in the choice of tactics.

10. Evaluation • It was the last major battle that used attrition tactics. • It came to mark the futility of all the fighting that was previous.