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Forestry and the Kyoto Protocol

Forestry and the Kyoto Protocol. Key Issues. Joint ECE Timber Commmittee & FAO European Forestry Commission 9.-13. 10.2000. Contents. UNFCCC/GHG Carbon storage Kyoto Protocol & flexible mechanisms Open questions Role of FAO. UNFCCC 1992. Concern: Global warming

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Forestry and the Kyoto Protocol

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  1. Forestry and the Kyoto Protocol Key Issues Joint ECE Timber Commmittee & FAO European Forestry Commission 9.-13. 10.2000

  2. Contents • UNFCCC/GHG • Carbon storage • Kyoto Protocol & flexible mechanisms • Open questions • Role of FAO

  3. UNFCCC 1992 • Concern: Global warming • Cause: Greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions • Objective: Stabilization of GHG concentration • in atmosphere

  4. What are GHG? • Carbon Dioxide (CO2) • Methane (CH4) • Nitrous Oxide (N2O) • Hydrofluor carbons (HFCs) • Perfluorcarbons (PFCs) • Sulphur hexafluoride (SF6)

  5. C-Emission Sources USA 1990 Fuel Combustion 88 % 12% Small combustion Industry 21% 35% Energy production Transport 31%

  6. Forestry practices to slow down CO2 accumulation in atmosphere Conservation Storage Substitution

  7. Global carbon stocks Oceans 39 000 Gt Atmosphere 760 Gt Soils 2 000 Gt Vegetation 500 Gt

  8. Forests as carbon stocks Forests world-wide: 46% of terrestrial C Tropical forests: 37%  Soils: 50%

  9. Financial value of CDM sinks (billion US$/a) until 2020 40–100 (Trexler) until 2030 up to 150 (World Bank)

  10. Kyoto Protocol CoP 3 Kyoto, 12/1997 Objective: Reduction of GHG by at least 5 % (level 1990) in 2008-2012

  11. Flexible mechanisms Joint implementation Clean development mechanism Emission trading

  12. CDM • Assist dev. countries (Non-Annex 1) • Annex I countries buy emission • reductions achieved elsewhere  meet ind. emission commitments

  13. Conditions for flexible mechanisms Voluntary Additional Baseline No leakage

  14. Open questions Definitions Accounting/methods Activities to be included in CDM Administration of sinks

  15. Definitions Forests & ARD Degradation Biological sources/sinks Additionality Leakage

  16. Accounting and methods • Baselines • Standards • C-balances • Measuring and accounting • Timeframe

  17. Presently uncertain Forests as sinks Forest management Impact of fires Sinks in products (C-substitution)

  18. Administration of sinks Verification Certification M & E Sanctions Financing, responsibility Linkages to other conventions

  19. Synergies of Conventions Biodiversity (CBD) Desertification (CCC) Wetlands (Ramsar)

  20. IPCC- Special Report on Land use Land use Change and Forestry submitted at SBSTA 12 in June 2000

  21. Role of FAO • Repository of data • Information and advice • Custodian of methods, models • Neutral forum

  22. KP – Train is moving • World Business Council • GEF • WB Prototype Carbon Fund • Private initiatives

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