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The multiwavelength surveys of the ELAIS-S1 and GOODS fields

This study focuses on the importance of multiwavelength surveys in understanding the formation and evolution of structure in the universe, particularly in relation to actively accreting supermassive black holes. By combining X-ray and infrared surveys, we can select both unobscured and highly obscured AGNs, providing a comprehensive view of AGN populations. The results from these surveys will shed light on the accretion processes and help refine our understanding of the evolution of AGNs.

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The multiwavelength surveys of the ELAIS-S1 and GOODS fields

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  1. The multiwavelength surveys of the ELAIS-S1 and GOODS fields Fabrizio Fiore & M. Brusa, A. Comastri, C. Feruglio, A. Fontana, A. Grazian, F. La Franca, P. Santini, E. Piconcelli, S. Puccetti and many others

  2. GOAL • AGN Bolometric Luminosity function • Complete SMBH census • Strong constraints to models for the formation and evolution of structure in the Universe

  3. Why multiwavelength surveys • X-ray surveys: • very efficient in selecting unobscured and moderately obscured AGN • Miss most highly obscured AGN La Franca et al. 2005

  4. Highly obscured Mildly Compton thick INTEGRAL survey ~ 100 AGN Sazonov et al. 2006

  5. 2-10 keV AGN luminosity function models 2-10keV 0.5-2keV LDDE with variable absorbed AGN fraction La Franca et al. 2005, see the poster by Fabio La Franca

  6. A working scenario small mass progenitors. Feedback is effective in self-regulating accretion and SF, cold gas is left available Galactic cold gas available for accretion and obscuration increases at high z Menci hierarchical clustering model, Menci, Puccetti Fiore 2006 large massprogenitors. Feedback is less effective, most gas is quickly converted in stars at high z.

  7. 1) Paucity of Seyfert like sources @ z>1 is real? Or, is it, at least partly, a selection effect? Are we missing in Chandra and XMM surveys highly obscured (NH1024 cm-2) AGN? Which are common in the local Universe…

  8. Why multiwavelength surveys • IR surveys: • AGNs even highly obscured at optical and X-ray energies shine in the MIR • Very difficult to isolate AGN from passive and starforming galaxies (Lacy 2004, Barnby 2005, Stern 2005, Polletta 2006 and many others) Polletta et al. 2006

  9. Why multiwavelength surveys • Use both X-ray and MIR surveys: • Select unobscured and moderately obscured AGN in X-rays • Add highly obscured AGNs selected in the MIR • Simple approach: Differences are emphasized in a wide-band SED analysis

  10. X-ray-MIR surveys • CDFS-GoodsMUSIC catalog (Grazian et al. 2006). Area 0.04 deg2 • 173 X-ray sources, 104 2-10 keV down to 310-16 cgs, 109 spectroscopic redshifts • 4300 MIPS sources down to 6.8 Jy, 3.6m detection down to 0.08 Jy • Ultradeep Optical/NIR photometry, R~27.5, K~24 • ELAIS-S1 SWIRE/XMM/Chandra survey (Puccetti et al. 2006, Feruglio et al. 2006). Area 0.5 deg2 • 500 sources, 205 2-10 keV down to 310-15 cgs, half with spectroscopic redshifts. • 2600 MIPS sources down to 100 Jy, 3.6m detection down to 6 Jy • Relatively deep Optical/NIR photometry, R~25, K~19 In future we will add: • COSMOS XMM/Chandra/Spitzer. Area 2 deg2 see Marcella talk • CDFN-Goods. Area 0.04 deg2 • Etc.

  11. MIR selection CDFS obs. AGN ELAIS-S1 obs. AGN GOODS 24m galaxies ELAIS-S1 24m galaxies Open symbols = unobscured AGN Filled symbols = optically obscured AGN

  12. MIR selection CDFS obs. AGN ELAIS-S1 obs. AGN GOODS 24m galaxies

  13. MIR AGNs

  14. F24m/FR >1000 R-K>4.5 F(0.3-1.5keV)~10-17 cgs F(1.5-4keV)~10-17 cgs

  15. F24m/FR >1000 R-K>4.5 • 119 sources (3% of the MIPS sample) • 17 detected by Chandra (9 2-10 keV band) 4 more visible in the image <LX>=43.45+/-0.24, <NH>=22.9+/-0.8, <z>~2.1 • logF(1.5-4keV) stacked sources=-17 • @z~2 logLobs(2-8keV) stacked sources ~41.8 • log<LIR>~44.6 ==> logL(2-8keV) unabs.~43 • Difference implies logNH24 • <SFR-IR>~400!! Msun/yr • <SFR-UV>~5!! Msun/yr • <SFR-X>~65 Msun/yr

  16. F24m/FR >1000 R-K>4.5

  17. F24m/FR <100 R-K>4.5 F(0.3-1.5 keV)~210-17 cgs F(1.5-4 keV) < 510-18 cgs

  18. F24m/FR <100 R-K>4.5 • 125 sources (3% of the MIPS sample) • 29 detected by Chandra, 19 2-10 keV, <LX>=43.4+/-0.4 <NH>=23.2+/-0.6, <z>~1.4 • <SFR-IR> ~ 8 Msun/yr • <SFR-UV> ~ 2.6 Msun/yr • <SFR-X>~20 Msun/yr

  19. Summary • XMM & Chandra surveys can probe unobscured and moderately obscured accretion up to z=2-4 • INTEGRAL/Swift find highly obscured AGN up to z~0.1 • Spitzer finds highly obscured AGN at z~1-3 • Herschel will further increase the band, so helping in separating AGN from normal galaxies and pushing toward higher z. • During the next decade highly obscured AGN will be confirmed and studied in detail using hard X-rayfocusing telescopes. • All this will allow a precise determination of the evolution of the accretion in the Universe and a precise census of accreting SMBH.

  20. MIR selected vs. X-ray selected AGNs

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