Working Group Kick-Off Meeting

1. Working Group Kick-Off Meeting May 15, 2001 John F. Kennedy Space Center

2. 8:30 Welcome/opening remarks Phil Weber – S&RT Project Manager 8:45 Spaceport & Range Technology Al Sofge – NASA HQ Code M Development Initiative 9:00 Developing a Common Roy Bridges – KSC Director Spaceport Strategy 9:15 2nd & 3rd Gen RLV Update Steve Cook – MSFC 3rd Gen Program Mgr 9:45 ASTWG Draft Charter Randy Eastman – ASTWG Chair 10:00 Spaceport Development Phil Weber - Overview - Environmental Issues Mario Busacca – KSC Env. Program - Master Planning Process Robin Sutherland – 45th Civil Engr. Sqdn. 10:30 Break 10:45 KSC Spaceport Engineering & Ken Payne - SE&T Acting Director Technology Dave Bartine – KSC Chief Technologist 11:20 Advanced Technology Greg Clements – ATDC Project Mgr. Development Center 11:50 Advanced Range Technology Rich Nelson – ARTWG Co-Chair Overview 12:00 Lunch Agenda “There's time enough, but none to spare.” Charles W. Chesnutt

3. 1:30 Perspectives on Spaceport Development - States Tim Huddleston – NCSS Chair - Industry/Future Markets Eric Stallmer – Space Trans Assoc. - Academia John Wefel – Space Grant Directors - Commercial Spaceports Ed Gormel – Spaceport Florida Authority Larry Gooch – California Space Authority FAA Licensing Stewart Jackson – FAA AST GMU Spaceport Study John Sheahan – George Mason U. 3:30 Break 3:45 Open discussion & information All participants sharing 4:45 Wrap-up/closing remarks Phil Weber/Randy Eastman 5:00 Adjourn 6:30 Dinner at Apollo/Saturn V Ctr. Agenda “You will never ‘find’ time for anything. If you want time you must make it.” Charles Buxton

4. General • Receive messages at (321) 867-2594 • Accommodations • Restrooms • Men: 1049; 1083 Women: 1146 • Phones • For official government business dial 8 + area + number • For non-official government business use calling card or credit card (e.g. 5 + 1 + 800 + CALLATT) • Refreshments • Lunch • Dinner • Announcements and emergency exits • Feedback forms “If you don't know where you are going, you might wind up someplace else.” Yogi Berra

5. Purpose of ASTWG • Increased NASA focus on research and development in addition to continuing safe operations • KSC reorganized in May 2000 • Kennedy Space Center = Spaceport Technology Center • Spaceport Engineering & Technology Directorate formed • Development of Spaceport and Range Technologies was recently added to KSC’s mission by NASA Administrator • Initial vision for ASTWG was to focus on specific technical issues and challenges • Recent studies have indicated that States interested in Spaceport development are currently at varying levels of maturity in their Spaceport activities • RTI Market Study • Range from “interested and listening” to fully licensed “What are we doing here? We're reaching for the stars.” Christa McAuliffe

6. Purpose of ASTWG • What ASTWG is: • An opportunity for federal & state government agencies, industry, and academia to work together to develop a common strategy for Spaceport development • A forum open to all stakeholders of the aerospace community to discuss issues related to the development of Spaceports • A mechanism for establishing partnerships with NASA/KSC • A benefit to all states, not just those with existing Spaceports • What ASTWG is not: • A funding source • Input & partnering vs. NRA, RFP, etc. • A bureaucratic roadblock/impediment to technology development • “Inviting” vs. “imposing” • A forum for range technologies (separate ARTWG) “Science has not yet mastered prophecy. We predict too much for the next year and yet far too little for the next ten.” Neil Armstrong

7. ASTWG Kick-Off Meeting • Purpose • Allow all sectors of aerospace community (federal and state government, industry, academia) to be involved early in formulation of ASTWG charter • Provide an overview of current and planned activities that have an impact on future Spaceport development • NASA/KSC projects & initiatives • Other organizations • Proactive vs. reactive • Gradual process • Building relationships “The mere formulation of a problem is far more often essential than its solution, which may be merely a matter of mathematical or experiment skill.” Albert Einstein

8. ASTWG Kick-Off Meeting • Desired outcomes • Awareness of current and planned Spaceport activities • Receive input/comments/suggestions from participants to shape purpose and direction of ASTWG • Gain support of aerospace community for ASTWG • Identify key players in Spaceport development • Open lines of communication • Solicit volunteers & sub-group leaders • Sub-Groups • Standing: Technical focus areas, education/outreach, policy, commerce, web page, benchmarking, etc. • Temporary: Charter development, others as needed • Topics and speakers for future presentations “If we could first know where we are, and whither we are tending, we could then better judge what to do, and how to do it.” Abraham Lincoln

9. Spaceport and Range Technology Development Initiative Al Sofge NASA Headquarters

10. Developing a Common Spaceport Strategy Roy Bridges Center Director Kennedy Space Center

11. 2nd and 3rd Generation RLV Update Steve Cook Marshall Space Flight Center

12. ASTWG Draft Charter Randy Eastman ASTWG Chair Kennedy Space Center

13. ASTWG Draft Charter - Vision • Elements • Inspiring goal or objective • Desired future state • Optimistic • Concise and easy to remember • Example for consideration: As aerospace leaders from government, industry and academia, we will promote the development of Advanced Spaceport Technologies that will facilitate the safe and cost-effective operation of existing and future generations of launch vehicles to serve America’s space access needs into the future. • ASTWG can form a sub-group to further refine and “wordsmith” the vision and mission statements “Where there is no vision, there is no hope.” George Washington Carver

14. ASTWG Draft Charter - Mission • Elements • A clearly understood sense of purpose • Shared by all members • Alignment and buy-in to a common objective • Example for consideration: The development of Advanced Spaceport Technologies is essential to enable the safer, lower-cost access to space that will make future spaceports technically and economically viable. In support of this goal, this working group will: • Develop a common strategy within the aerospace community for the development of Spaceport technologies. • Provide a forum and mechanism for the communication and coordination of Spaceport technology development activities. • Promote awareness of current initiatives in the aerospace community to foster collaboration, identify technology gaps, and minimize unnecessary duplication of effort. “Efforts and courage are not enough without purpose and direction.” John F. Kennedy

15. ASTWG Draft Charter - Goals • Increase future market opportunities by lowering the cost of access to space • Concurrently develop Spaceport technologies with vehicle development • A synergistic approach to reducing operations costs • Respond to stakeholders program needs and requirements • Leveraging of available Spaceport development resources nationwide • Become the main source of Spaceport technology information “Obstacles are those frightful things you see when you take your eyes off your goal.” Henry Ford

16. ASTWG Draft Charter - Stakeholders The ASTWG creates an open environment for sharing information, understanding stakeholder issues and concerns, and providing a synergistic approach to Advanced Spaceport Technology Development. NASA Centers/Facilities Other Federal Agencies, DoD Commercial Spaceports Advanced Spaceport Technology Working Group Implementation Advisory Board/ Steering Committee States Academia Industry “We must be willing to learn the lesson that cooperation may imply compromise, but if it brings a world advance it is a gain for each individual nation.” Eleanor Roosevelt

17. ASTWG Draft Charter - Membership • Led by NASA/KSC • Chair • Advisory board • Government, industry, and academia representation • Sub-groups • Leads • Members • Open to all members of aerospace community • Federal and state government • Industry • Academia “Great discoveries and improvements invariably involve the cooperation of many minds..” Alexander Graham Bell

18. ASTWG Draft Charter - Implementation Develop common vision for future spaceports Develop roadmaps to achieve desired future state Identify technology “gaps and overlaps” Develop technology selection criteria Identify candidate technologies Develop technology prioritization criteria Prioritize technologies according to criteria Prioritized list reviewed and approved by Advisory Board ASTWG Chair submits technology list to S&RT Manager Begin development of selected technologies “If you think you can or can’t, you’re right.” Henry Ford

19. ASTWG Draft Charter - Logistics • Meetings • Frequency • Every 6 months to start • Adjust as necessary • Coordinate with other aerospace events to avoid conflicts and minimize travel • Location • Either always at KSC or rotate around to different hosts • Possible telecons and video conferencing • Subgroups/committees • Meet offline as needed to prepare material for presentation at main ASTWG meetings “The best thing about the future is that it only comes one day at a time.” Abraham Lincoln

20. ASTWG Draft Charter - Effectiveness • Measuring the effectiveness/impact of ASTWG • Stakeholder satisfaction • Resource leveraging • Establish major milestones in each focus area • Measure level of participation in subgroups • Evaluate cost-avoidance resultant from technologies implemented • Others? “Just because you can count it, doesn’t mean it counts.” Unknown

21. ASTWG Draft Charter - Products • Services via partnerships • Technology selection criteria • Technology prioritization criteria • Prioritized lists of technologies to develop • Recommendations • Reports • Roadmaps • Web page • Minutes • Others….. “We can lick gravity, but sometimes the paperwork is overwhelming.” Wernher von Braun

22. Spaceport Development Phil Weber KSC Spaceport & Range Technology Manager Mario Busacca KSC Environmental Program Office Robin Sutherland 45th Civil Engineer Squadron

23. Depot Maintenance Expendable Elements What is a Spaceport? A collection of critical operations and maintenance functions supporting space transportation • In-Line Functions • Landing/Recovery • Expendable Elements • Turnaround • Assembly/Integration • Launch • On-Line Support Functions • Traffic/Flight Control • Payload/Cargo • Logistics • System Operations Planning & Management • Spaceport Support Infrastructure • Off-Line Functions • Depot Maintenance • Community Infrastructure Landing / Recovery Turnaround Launch Traffic/ Flt Control Assembly/ Integration Payload/ Cargo Logistics Spaceport Support Infrastructure System Operations Planning & Mgmt Community Infrastructure

24. Ground & Flight Crew Training Systems Flight Vehicle Systems Launch & Landing Systems Vehicle Ground Processing Systems Range Systems Payload Processing Systems Why are Spaceport Technologies Important? • Historically, the majority of total life • cycle cost for any complex system is • attributed to operations and support • activities • 60-80% of life cycle cost • These costs are set early in design • Developing and infusing advanced • spaceport technologies in current and • future space transportation systems • enables NASA to meet its goals of: • Orders of magnitude improvements in • operational safety (ground and flight) • Orders of magnitude reductions in life cycle costs • Rapid expansion of commercial markets using space • transportation and microgravity “Any sufficiently advanced technology is indistinguishable from magic.” Arthur C. Clarke

25. Spaceport Challenges • No one solution will fit all situations • Type of vehicle • RLV or ELV? • Single or multi-stage? • Manned or unmanned? • Vertical or horizontal take-off? • Orbital or sub-orbital? • Polar or equatorial orbit? • Solid or liquid fuels? • Etc. “Flying might not be all plain sailing, but the fun of it is worth the price.” Amelia Earhart

26. Spaceport Challenges • Geographic considerations • Latitude • Elevation • Topography • Climate • Range • Environmental concerns • Proximity to population centers • Existing infrastructure • Etc. “Space isn’t remote at all. It’s only and hour’s drive away if your car could go straight upwards.” Fred Hoyle

27. Spaceport Challenges • Economic • Must be a market need • New vehicle programs typically allocate only 3% of budget to development of ground operations technologies • Based on current experience, operations cost for RLV’s is greater than acquisition cost in terms of overall life cycle • More efficient operations can reduce cost per pound to orbit in two ways: • Lower mission-specific costs (manpower, propellant, etc.) • Lowering the amount of fixed acquisition costs (fleet, ground infrastructure) associated with each mission by increasing flight rate “If all the economists in the world were laid end to end, they still wouldn’t reach a conclusion.” George Bernard Shaw

28. Identifying Technology “Gaps and Overlaps” • Need to first understand who is working on what within the aerospace community • Survey end-users to gauge specific areas where technology advancement is needed • Assess overlaps for key partnerships and consolidation • Assess gaps and prioritize new development activities • Benchmark with other launch sites worldwide • Lessons learned • Best practices “Keep on the lookout for novel ideas that others have used successfully. Your idea has to be original only in it’s adaptation to the problem you’re working on.” Thomas Edison

29. Criteria Selection/weighting &Technology Prioritization • Example: Each technology rated on a 1-5 scale (5 highest) with respect to each criterion Appl. to mult. programs Time to tech. readiness Meets customer reqs. Improved efficiency Funding required Increased safety Partnerships Risk

30. Basic Technology Research LEVEL 1 BASIC PRINCIPLES OBSERVED AND REPORTED Research To Prove Feasibility LEVEL 2 TECHNOLOGY CONCEPT AND/OR APPLICATION FORMULATED LEVEL 3 ANALYTICAL & EXPERIMENTAL CRITICAL FUNCTION AND/OR CHARACTERISTIC PROOF-OF-CONCEPT Technology Development LEVEL 4 COMPONENT AND/OR BREADBOARD VALIDATION IN LABORATORY ENVIRONMENT Technology Demonstration LEVEL 5 COMPONENT AND/OR BREADBOARD VALIDATION IN RELEVANT ENVIRONMENT LEVEL 6 SYSTEM/SUBSYSTEM MODEL OR PROTOTYPE DEMONSTRATION IN A RELEVANT ENVIRONMENT (Ground or Space) System/Subsystem Development LEVEL 7 SYSTEM PROTOTYPE DEMONSTRATION IN A SPACE ENVIRONMENT System Test, Launch and Operations LEVEL 8 ACTUAL SYSTEM COMPLETED AND “FLIGHT QUALIFIED” THROUGH TEST AND DEMONSTRATION (Ground or Space) LEVEL 9 ACTUAL SYSTEM “FLIGHT PROVEN” THROUGH SUCCESSFUL MISSION OPERATIONS Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) “The science of today is the technology of tomorrow.” Edward Teller

31. Partnering with NASA/KSC • Memorandum of Understanding • Statement of policy, practice or intention affecting a concern of NASA and a partner • No transfer of funds or resources; no goods or services delivered to NASA • Non-reimbursable Space Act Agreement • Collaborative R&D effort with NASA and partner contributions of resources and technology, but no transfer of funds • Supports industry needs and shares results in a collaborative effort. No reimbursement to NASA is required. • Reimbursable Space Act Agreement • Collaborative R&D effort with partner use of NASA resources, reimbursed by the partner • NASA is reimbursed for full or partial cost

32. Partnering with NASA/KSC • Cooperative Agreement • Jointly funded research with partners under the Chiles Act to stimulate and support innovative new technologies and products for commercialization • Substantial involvement between NASA and the recipient • Technology Assistance Request • Agreement with external entities enabling them to obtain information and/or technical assistance from NASA • Unilateral with no transfer of funds or resources • Cost Shared Contract • Contract arrangement to provide direct goods or services to government • Contractor bears some of the allowable costs

33. Partnering with NASA/KSC • Alliance • Agreement with local, regional, and state governments to stimulate and accelerate NASA contributions • Responsibilities of each partner are defined with respect to the transfer of technology • Grant • Agreement to fund scientific research at universities and non-profit centers of learning • No substantial involvement between NASA and the recipient • These partnership approaches will follow subgroup activities to select and prioritize

34. KSC Spaceport Engineering & Technology Directorate (SE&T) Ken Payne SE&T Acting Director Dave Bartine KSC Chief Technologist

35. Advanced Technology Development Center (ATDC) Greg Clements ATDC Project Manager

36. Advanced Range Technology Overview Rich Nelson ARTWG KSC Co-Chair

37. Perspectives on Spaceport Development: States Tim Huddleston National Coalition of Spaceport States

38. Perspectives on Spaceport Development: Industry and Future Markets Eric Stallmer Space Transportation Association

39. Perspectives on Spaceport Development: Academia John Wefel National Council of Space Grant Directors

40. Perspectives on Spaceport Development: Commercial Spaceports Ed Gormel Spaceport Florida Authority Larry Gooch California Space Authority

41. Licensing of Commercial Spaceports Stewart Jackson Federal Aviation Administration

42. Spaceports Today, 2020 and 2050 John Sheahan George Mason University Continuing Career Program

43. ASTWG Next Steps Phil Weber Randy Eastman

44. Next Steps • Get organized • Keep momentum going • Continue to build relationships • Plan next ASTWG meeting based on feedback from Kick-Off Meeting • Your actions: • Fill out feedback forms and turn in (later ideas can be e-mailed) • Volunteer to lead/participate in sub-groups • Sub-Groups • Standing: Technical focus areas, education/outreach, policy, commerce, web page, benchmarking, etc. • Temporary: Charter development, others as needed • Begin activities immediately • Report results at next ASTWG (approx. 6 months from now) “Individual commitment to a group effort—that is what makes a team work, a company work, a society work, a civilization work.” Vince Lombardi

45. ASTWG Contacts • Phil Weber KSC Spaceport and Range Technology Manager Phone: (321) 867-2057 E-mail: Philip.Weber-1@ksc.nasa.gov • Randy Eastman Chair, Advanced Spaceport Technology Working Group Phone: (321) 867-8805 E-mail: Carl.Eastman-1@ksc.nasa.gov • Rich Nelson Co-Chair, Advanced Range Technology Working Group Phone: (321) 867-3332 E-mail: Richard.Nelson-2@ksc.nasa.gov “Imagination will often carry us to worlds that never were. But without it, we go nowhere.” Carl Sagan