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Server Terminology and the Juniata Server Environment

General Server Hardware Terminology. RAIDClusteringSMP32-bit vs. 64-bit. RAID.

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Server Terminology and the Juniata Server Environment

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    1. Server Terminology and the Juniata Server Environment JTM, 2007

    2. General Server Hardware Terminology RAID Clustering SMP 32-bit vs. 64-bit

    3. RAID “Redundant Array of Independent (Inexpensive) Disks” Hardware vs. Software Several levels JBOD 0, 1, 0+1, 5,10, 50, 100 And many others

    4. JBOD “Just a Bunch Of Disks” AKA “Spanning” Not really RAID At least two disks Advantages: Cheap Disadvantages: Lose one, data gone

    5. RAID 0 “Striping” Minimum 2 disks Advantages: Speed Disadvantages: Redundancy Lose one, data gone

    6. RAID 1 “Mirroring” Only 2 disks Advantages: Redundancy Disadvantages: “One for the price of two” False security Only covers hardware error, not software problem

    7. RAID 0+1 “Mirrored stripes” Two sets of striped sets Advantages: Redundancy Speed Disadvantages: Lots of wasted disks Failure on each set = data loss

    8. RAID 5 “Striping with Distributed Parity” At least 3 disks Parity allows single disk to fail without loss of data Advantages: Little wasted disk space Redundancy Disadvantages: Two disks failing = data loss Performance hit from parity write Data is written in blocks across all disks with one disk receiving parity. The parity is rotated for each data write so that in the event that one disk fails, then the data from the surviving disks can be combined with the parity block to recreate the data. RAID 4 -> Striping with Parity has dedicated parity disk. 5 is more efficient because the parity work is distributed.Data is written in blocks across all disks with one disk receiving parity. The parity is rotated for each data write so that in the event that one disk fails, then the data from the surviving disks can be combined with the parity block to recreate the data. RAID 4 -> Striping with Parity has dedicated parity disk. 5 is more efficient because the parity work is distributed.

    9. RAID 10 “Striped Mirrors” At least two sets of mirrors Advantages: Speed (no parity to write) Redundancy Disadvantages: Back to “One for the price of two”

    10. RAID 50 & 100 RAID 50 “Striped RAID 5” One drive from each RAID 5 set can fail RAID 100 “Striped RAID 10” One drive from each mirror can fail

    11. Clustering Three types High Availability Nodes are linked together sharing common data in case one fails High Performance Cluster nodes combine resource for computing tasks AKA: Parallel Computing Grid Computing Distributed Computing Load Balancing Nodes share computing tasks in round-robin format

    12. High Availability

    13. High Performance

    14. Load Balancing

    15. SMP “Symmetric Multiprocessing” Multiple processors performing work in parallel Memory shared (as opposed to parallel cluster) Dual/Quad core processors Software/OS must be written to take advantage of this

    16. 32-Bit vs. 64-Bit Majority of server and OS implementations are 32-bit 64-bit hardware more common, but adoption of OS and software slower 64-bit brings new challenges, but opens doors

    17. 32-Bit vs. 64-Bit (cont.) Let’s talk “computer architecture”… CPUs, registers, RAM, Swap 32-bit Address up to 4GB of memory Enough for everyday tasks Limits large implementations 64-bit Address up to 16EB (over 17 million GB) Lots of room to grow Software/OS must be written to understand 64-bit

    18. Juniata Server Environment Over 60 servers in production Not including attached RAID devices Not including AIS, IPT, and test servers Numerous functions Try to separate functions, but consolidate where possible Majority located in the two server rooms All servers labelled

    19. Server Categories Mail File/Print Web Network Services Database CNS Management Specialty

    20. Mail Servers Stuff to know… SMTP POP3 IMAP MAPI RPC over HTTP

    21. Oscar Fedora Linux Software Qmail Symantec Carrierscan virus scanner

    22. JCBM Fedora Linux Software Symantec Brightmail Sendmail

    23. Exchange Servers Mail2K-1,Mail2K-2 OWA Windows Server 2003 Software Exchange Server 2003 High Availability Cluster IIS

    24. How Mail Moves

    25. File and Print Servers Stuff to know… NAS SAN SMB Share vs. File Permissions

    26. File Server vs. NAS vs. SAN File server One server Serves own files from local disks or SCSI attached disks NAS “Network Attached Storage” One server Accesses piece of array over network to serve own files SAN “Storage Area Network” Multiple servers access common files over network to serve files Allows growth over time without reformatting

    27. SMB “Server Message Block” AKA “Common Internet File System” (CIFS) Application level Primary means of Windows File/Print communication Samba Free implementation of SMB protocol for UNIX Can also emulate Windows DCs

    28. File and Share Permissions File Permissions Security on the files/directories themselves Applicable for direct access to files Share Permissions Security on the ability for remote users to connect More restrictive permissions take precedence For example: File perms = Read, Write, Delete *Share perms = Read

    29. JC Common Drive Mappings JCShare Windows Server 2003 Serves: Student/Faculty U: Drives Academic Shares Publicshare Windows Server 2003 Serves: P: Drives Adminhome Windows Server 2003 Serves: Administration U: Drives Administration Shares Webshare Fedora Linux Serves: W: Drives Club, Department, etc. Web Shares

    30. Printserver Windows Server 2003 Software Print drivers

    31. Web Servers Apache HTTPD Free web server Software can be added on to enhance functionality PHP PHP Hypertext Processor Language to process information on the server-side to create dynamic pages ASP is Microsoft’s equivalent Tomcat Java Web Application Server (from the Apache Group) Much like Apache+PHP except uses Java Built-in web server, but can be combined with Apache HTTPD

    32. Webshare Fedora Linux Runs: Apache/PHP Mail MySQL Shares accessed through Samba

    33. Public Fedora Linux Software Apache/PHP Samba Real Server FYI Streaming server Host pages for outside non-profits

    34. Java-based Servers UPortal Fedora Linux Software Tomcat with SSL Ant Java uPortal Webadvisor Fedora Linux Software Tomcat with SSL Apache Java Webadvisor

    35. Network Services

    36. Domain Controllers Churchill, Corona, Cohiba Windows Server 2003 Software Active Directory DNS DHCP WINS FYI Kerberos authentication LDAP authentication and information (uPortal, Moodle) DNS shared throughout AD DHCP only available on one server at a time Load balancing by nature

    37. VPN VPN1, VPN2, VPN3 Windows Server 2003 Software Routing and Remote Access Load Balance Clustering FYI Load balancing spreads the work among the 3 VPN servers

    38. Name Services NS1/2 Fedora Linux Software BIND FYI External name servers so folks on the Internet can find what we offer Receive forwarding requests from internal DNS servers Load balancing

    39. Kerberos vs. LDAP Kerberos Secure authentication method Based on public/private key pair Requires user to exist on both server and client Requires server to explicitly trust the client machine LDAP Lightweight Directory Access Protocol AD is based on LDAP v3 Database of information about users/groups/computers Can be used for authentication since password is stored in database Not natively encrypted, but SSL can be added on User does not need to exist on client

    40. Database Servers Databeast Windows Server 2003 Microsoft SQL Server 2000 Budwodb Fedora Linux Sybase Adaptive Server Enterprise for Linux

    41. Application Servers Appserver Set of three physical servers Windows Server 2003 Windows Terminal Services All processing done on server Only screen view is transported back to client

    42. Academic Servers Moodle Fedora Linux Moodle CMS Beeghly Sun Solaris 10 Sirsi Library Database Webcat catalog

    43. Departmental Servers HVAC Windows Server 2003 Software HVAC System Trackit Datatel UI Envision Windows 2000 Server Software Blackboard Transaction Oracle

    44. Departmental Servers (cont.) Bestcard Windows 2000 Server Software BEST Access SQL Server FYI Door access server for JCEL and future locations Kronos Windows Server 2003 Software Kronos SQL Server

    45. Departmental Servers (cont.) Ikonserver Windows Server 2003 Software Equitrax ScanRouter FYI ScanRouter directs MFD scans to a share from which documents can be copied Equitrax monitors copier charges

    46. CNS Management Servers

    47. JCUpdate Windows Server 2003 Software Windows Software Update Services FYI Updates pushed out nightly to various sets of computers Auto-restart if logged out otherwise notification Only forces critical/security Windows updates, but non-critical and Office updates can be pushed

    48. Netreg Fedora Linux Software Netreg PostgreSQL DHCPD FYI Locks down student computers until updates and virus scanner applied/found

    49. Management Servers (cont.) SMS Windows Server 2003 Software SMS SQL Server FYI Can push software Inventories Windows computers for hardware and software Keyserver Windows Server 2003 Software KeyServer Various license apps FYI Monitors # of running copies of software Misc apps look to server for own licensing app (ERSI, Mathematica)

    50. Management Servers (cont.) Monitor Windows Server 2003 Software Symantec System Center FYI Central management point for virus scanning Pushes virus updates to clients Veritas Windows Server 2003 Software Veritas Backup Exec FYI Central tape backup server

    51. Management Servers (cont.) Spectator Fedora Linux Software Nagios FYI Server and network device monitoring ACDC Windows Server 2003 Software Powerware FYI Central management and monitoring of UPSs

    52. Management Servers (cont.) Microcallnew Windows 2000 Server Software Microcall FYI Central logging of long distance phone calls Servermon Windows Server 2003 Software Veritas Log Backup FYI Management point for Windows Servers Has the schedule for backing up logs

    53. Questions?

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