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Secondary care

Secondary care . Definitions of secondary care :. Secondary means second in series Secondary assessment is your second evaluation of an injured or ill person Once the patient is stabilized during primary care you attend to the next level of emergency care – secondary care .

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Secondary care

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  1. Secondary care

  2. Definitions of secondary care : • Secondary means second in series • Secondary assessment is your second evaluation of an injured or ill person • Once the patient is stabilized during primary care you attend to the next level of emergency care – secondary care

  3. Four skills of emergency first response ( secondary care ) • injury assessment • Illness assessment • Bandaging • Splinting for dislocation and fracture

  4. What the difference between injury and illness ? Injury Illness Is a physical harm to the body Cuts , wounds ,fracture ,frostbite and burns Unhealthy condition of the body may be caused by preexisting condition , or external factors ( ingesting poison ) Illness can be determined by looking for clues or signs or symptoms

  5. Sings and symptoms signs Symptoms Is something you can see , hear or feel Look for wounds ,listen for unusual breathing sound, feel swelling or hardness mass Head - to –toe injury assessment Is something the patent tells you is wrong He will explain what he is feeling nausea ,thirst , dizziness

  6. SAMPLE- Signs and Symptoms • Ask how the patient is feeling and what occurred immediately before the onset ( how do you feel now ? , when did the first symptom occurs ? What where you doing ?) • Find the plus rate • Check respiration • Check temperature and moisture • determining color

  7. SAMPLE - Allergies • SAMPLE – Medications • SAMPLE - Preexisting medical Condition • SAMPLE - Last Meal • SAMPLE -Events

  8. Check into this web site : • http://www.redbicycle.org/EmergencyResponse/IllnessAssessmentForm.pdf

  9. Dislocation and fracture • Dislocation occur when a great deal of pressure placed on a joint • Suspect a fracture if , after a fall or blow a limp appears to be in an unnatural position , swells or bruises , painful at suspected point • Splint injury in the position you find do not try to straighten

  10. Dislocation :

  11. Fracture :

  12. Always check circulation before and after splinting or bandaging

  13. Cuts and scrapes: Control bleeding with pressure Wash wound with water to remove all dirt Cover the wound with sterile dressing Check wound daily for sign of infection Bruises: Apply cold compresses at least for five minute Elevate affected area above the heart , if possible Caused by bleeding into under the skin causes bruises Minor cuts, scrapes and bruises

  14. Temperature related injury : • Burns • Heat stroke • Hypothermia

  15. BURNS: • Causes of burns : • Thermal • Chemical • Electrical

  16. Degrees' of burns:

  17. How to treat the burn ?? • Stop think act • Assess the scene , use barriers • Alarm EMS • perform primary assessment – ABCD’s • If patient is responsive perform secondary assessment to determine extent of burns. • Help patient to lie down , but ensure area dose not come into contact with ground • Douse the burned area with cool liquid for at least ten minutes . • Never but ice , butter , cream …… never remove blusters

  18. Carefully remove clothing around burned area , remove any constructing items ( watch , rings …) before swelling begins • Cover burn with sterile dressing • For fingers or toes burns separate with dry sterile dressing • For chemical burns flush skin surface with running cool water for at least 20 minutes

  19. what degree ??

  20. Heat stroke

  21. Heat stroke : • Body temperature high than 40 • It’s a life threatening condition • Dry flushed skin ,rapid pulse ,disoriented, confused or unconscious • What to do ?? • move patient to a cool shaded area , • Remove much outer clothes as possible • Cool patient by spraining or sponging with cool water • Cover the patient with wet cloth /sheet keep monitoring ABCD’s • Replace wet sheet with dry one if temperature returns to normal

  22. Hypothermia

  23. Hypothermia • Sever hypothermia : body temperature below 32c • Patient is confused or unconscious • Give primary care ABCD’S • Don’t move patient (to prevent further heat loss ) • Remove wet cloth • Cover the patient with warm blankets or thick clothes • Monitor and recorded vital signs • Mild hypothermia :body temperature below 34c • Patient is conscious and alert but shivering ,impaired coordination • Provide with dry cloth • Give warm drinks • Monitor and recorded vital signs

  24. Frost bite :

  25. Diabetic problem: • If you suspect that the patient have high or low blood sugar always provide him with snack or meal , fruit juice

  26. Stroke : • Occurs when blood vessel in the brain is blocked or rupture cutting the brain tissue from Oxygen • Sign + symptoms : • Numbness • Paralysis or weakness of the face ,are or leg ( often one side only ) • May have trouble speaking • may complain of sever unexpected headache • Decrease vision in both eyes

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