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The Field Matures: 1980 to the Present (Chapter 3). Objectives for This Chapter. Recognize differences between modern and postmodern assumptions Observe the constantly changing nature of couple and family relationships Describe the multiple forces that shape contemporary service delivery
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Objectives for This Chapter • Recognize differences between modern and postmodern assumptions • Observe the constantly changing nature of couple and family relationships • Describe the multiple forces that shape contemporary service delivery • Understand the changing discourses of couple and family counseling • Appreciate the new integrative spirit in the field
Introduction • By the 1980s the MFT movement was growing rapidly, led by powerful groups following clear models • This complementary pattern of increasing power for some and decreasing power for others combined with social change to create a crisis in the new field • The crisis resolved itself in the 1990s, ushering in a new wave of diversity and integration that continues into the 21st Century
Societal change A less rigidly organized society and new ideas challenged established practice
Sexuality in the U.S. • Historical puritanism and negative attitudes toward sexuality • Birth control and the sexual revolution • Alternative lifestyles • STDs • Sexual minorities — visibility and organizational activity
The changing family landscape • Gender • Career options • Divorce, remarriage, and stepfamilies • Single parent families • Multigenerational families
Technologyand families • Changing family boundaries • Cars, Telephones, Television • Computers/internet • Cell phones • Grandparent involvement • Moved out of the home • Accessible through technology
Changes inside the field Personnel turnover combines with new service delivery values and technologies
Departures • Bowen/Georgetown • Minuchin/Philadelphia • Bateson • Satir • Whitaker
Arrivals • Gurman • Sprenkle • McGoldrick • Carlson
Organizational maturation • Specialized roles for AAMFT, AFTA • Family-focused subgroups in APA, ACA • New journals
The managed care revolution • Accountability for decisions, diagnoses • Pressure for quick results
Technology and professional communication • From mimeo to websites and online discussions • Proliferation of journals • Net effect: flattening the hierarchy of ideas
The 1980s: A Midlife Crisis The clarity and energy of youth confronted realities that called for new ways of being
Feminist challenges • Hare-Mustin 1978 challenge • Male privilege, “soft” approach to men • Preserving patriarchy rather than challenging abuse of power • Attention to gender and power as central issues in relationships
Emerging postmodernism • The “epistemology” debates • Cybernetics and second-order cybernetics • Social Construction
The 1990s and Beyond: Reexamining Values and Settling Down Taking many different paths, family counselors became more diverse and creative
Life goes on • Behavioral and cognitive-behavioral approaches • Medical family therapy • Object relations family therapy • Biogenetic emphases • Reconnections with feelings • Reconnections with spirituality • Strategic and structural developments
Transformations • The solution-focused movement • Social constructionist approaches • Reflecting teams • Collaborative language systems • Narrative • The critics • Culture • Race, gender, and sexual orientation
Integrationist moves • Metatheorizing • Transtheoretical efforts • Integrated models
The BONES of the family (Blume) • Behavior: Learning, habits, and reinforcement • Organization: Planning,decision making, and action • Narrative: Language, culture,and identity • Emotion: Regulation, relationship,and motivation • Spirituality: Purpose, acceptance,and meaning