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The Roaring 20’s

The Roaring 20’s. A Decade of Change. Timeline. U.S. Dates- 1924-Nellie Taylor Ross is first woman elected governor. 1927-First movie with sound- The Jazz Singer World Dates- 1922-Benito Mussolini is named Italy’s prime minister.

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The Roaring 20’s

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  1. The Roaring 20’s A Decade of Change

  2. Timeline • U.S. Dates- • 1924-Nellie Taylor Ross is first woman elected governor. • 1927-First movie with sound-The Jazz Singer World Dates- • 1922-Benito Mussolini is named Italy’s prime minister. • 1923- Adolf Hitler tries, but fails, to gain power in Germany. (Beer Hall Putsch) • 1929-National Revolutionary Party organized in Mexico.

  3. Harding and a “Return to Normalcy”? • Warren G. Harding-elected President-1920 • Harding promised Americans “prosperity at home and peace abroad”. • He proposed lower taxes and “less government in business and more business in government”. • Wanted higher tariffs on foreign goods.

  4. Teapot Dome Scandal • Harding brought many of his “cronies”, or friends, into his government. • Many of the friends were liars and cheats. • Sec’y of the Interior, Albert Fall, took bribes and made illegal deals with oil executives to drill on oil-rich government land in Teapot Dome, Wyoming.

  5. Harding Dies • Harding was an honest man-politically and personally. • “I knew that this job would be too much for me.” • While on a speaking tour, he died suddenly on August 2, 1923.

  6. Coolidge Takes Over • After taking over for Harding, Calvin Coolidge won his own election in 1924. • Coolidge followed the economic theory of laissez faire-business, if left unregulated by government, would act in a way that would benefit the nation. • Coolidge did not believe gov’t should get involved with social and economic problems.

  7. Coolidge Takes Over-Slide 2 • Farmers, who were struggling, were not helped by Coolidge. • Food prices dropped, forcing farmers to sell their farms. • Coolidge was an isolationist. He did not believe in getting involved in foreign problems.

  8. Kellogg-Briand Pact of 1928 • 15 countries signed the pact. • They agreed not to make war against one another except in self-defense. • U.S. citizens supported this since they were still recovering from the effects of WWI.

  9. Technology Changes American Life • Henry Ford-Ford Motors • First cars came off the line at a cost of $335 each. • Ford created the “assembly line”, where the product (the car) moved along a conveyor belt across the factory. • Workers at various stations added parts as the belt moved past them. • Henry Ford

  10. Installment Buying • Once costly items were now available to most people. • People began to use credit or paid for these items using installment buying-allowing them to buy items by making small monthly payments. • Other new items were: electric vacuum cleaners, washers, sewing machines, toasters, and fans. • Most of these were available only to white, middle-class citizens.

  11. The Air Age Begins • Many former WWI pilots came home and used their new skills to start new businesses. • Crop-dusters, stunt planes (used in another new business-movie-making), cross-country mail delivery and flight instructors were some of the new businesses. • Transatlantic flights by: • Charles Lindbergh-1927 • Amelia Earhart- 1928 and 1932

  12. The Air Age Begins (con’t.) • The Last Flight of Amelia Earhart • The Kidnapping of the Lindbergh Baby

  13. Youth in the Roaring Twenties • During the 20’s, youth and its culture was celebrated. • For the first time, young people, as a group, rebelled against the values of the past and the authority of their elders. • Many experimented with new fashions, attitudes, and ways of behavior. • The Roaring Twenties • Flappers and Women's Fashion Changes

  14. Youth in the Roaring Twenties (Slide 2) • Young people stayed in school longer. • More went to college than ever before. • School became a place for socializing as well as learning. • Men wore floppy pants and slicked their hair back. • Women wore their hair shorter (a “bob”) and wore shorter dresses. • “The Charleston” was a favorite dance.

  15. Youth in the Roaring Twenties (Slide 3) • Popular song titles were: “Runnin’ Wild” and “Ain’t We Got Fun”. • Popular fads included: crossword puzzles, mah-jongg, and flagpole sitting. • Pop Culture in the 20's

  16. New Roles for Women • The symbol of the 1920’s American woman was the flapper-women who wore bobbed hair, makeup, and dresses that fell to just below the knee. • Women took a more active role in their lives. • More women began to drive cars, play sports, go to college and work a job. • Marriage came to be seen as more of an equal partnership between a man and woman. • 1920- 19th Amendment gave women the right to vote.

  17. Prohibition and Lawlessness • On Jan. 16, 1920, the 18th Amendment made the sale, making, and possession of alcohol illegal. • The amendment was called Prohibition. • To enforce this amendment, Congress passed the Volstead Act in 1919. • Speakeasies-illegal nightclubs that served alcohol came out after saloons were closed. • One result of Prohibition was the rise of organized crime.

  18. Prohibition and Lawlessness (Slide 2) • In most cities, wars broke out amongst rival gangs over bootlegging-the making of illegal alcohol. • The most ruthless crime boss of the era was Al Capone-a gangster who came to power in Chicago. • Prohibition and the Mafia- Part 1 • Prohibition and the Mafia- Part 2 • Prohibition and the Mafia- Part 3

  19. Changes for African-Americans • To find better paying jobs, many African-Americans began to move to northern states-The Great Migration. • Although many gained some economic and political power, most still faced discrimination in jobs and housing. • Race riots began to break out around the north-eastern states starting in 1919. • The NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)-worked to help shed light on race issues in America. • The NAACP could not get Congress to pass any helpful legislation.

  20. Changes for African-Americans (Slide 2) • Due to this mistreatment, many African-Americans began to lose hope in America. • Marcus Garvey- founder of the Universal Negro Improvement Association-called for a return to Africa and the formation of a separate nation there. • Although few African-Americans moved to Africa, Garvey set the example for future black political movements.

  21. A Divided Society • Fundamentalism- a movement that pushed for a literal interpretation of the Bible and an end to the teaching of evolution. • Evolution-the scientific theory that living things developed over millions of years from earlier and simpler forms of life. • John Scopes, a Tennessee biology teacher, was tried, and convicted, of teaching evolution-although his sentence was soon thrown out. • Another sign of the dividing society was the rebirth of the KKK, who called for a “racially and morally pure America”. • KKK in the 1920's • The Klan in the '20's

  22. The Jazz Age and the Harlem Renaissance • Laborsaving appliances (toasters, vacuums, washers, etc.) and shorter working hours gave Americans more leisure time. • $.25 for movies, led to more than 100 million weekly moviegoers. • Sales of books, magazines, newspapers also rose sharply. • Listening to the radio, talking on the phone, driving cars also became popular activities.

  23. Mass Media and Popular Culture • New types of mass media-communications that reach a large audience-started in the 1920’s. • 1st radio station-KDKA-started in Pittsburgh in 1920. • Movies became a major industry-opening worlds of glamour and excitement most Americans could never enter. • American popular culture-fashions, songs, dances and even slang expressions- began to spread to Europe.

  24. A Search for Heroes • Sporting events also began to take lots of Americans leisure time. • Baseball- (Babe Ruth, NYYankees “Bronx Bombers) • Babe Ruth's 60th Home Run • Boxing- (Jack Dempsey, Joe Louis) • Tennis- (Bill Tilden, Helen Wills) • Football- (Knute Rockne, Red Grange) • Red Grange Highlights • Negro League is formed. • Flying (Charles Lindbergh, Amelia Earhart)

  25. The Harlem Renaissance • Finding a new sense of freedom after fighting and working during WWI, many African-Americans migrated North, mostly to New York. • The move north brought a new culture-Jazz music is an example of the African-American influence on US culture. • This “rebirth” of hope for African-Americans in NYC became known as the Harlem Renaissance.

  26. The Harlem Renaissance (Slide 2) • Harlem, a NYC-west side neighborhood, became the center of this culture explosion. • Famous writers made homes here: • Langston Hughes • James Weldon Johnson • Claude McKay • Zora Neale Hurston

  27. The Harlem Renaissance (Slide 3) • Jazz, originating in New Orleans, became widely popular. • A form of music that combined African rhythms, blues, and ragtime, to produce a unique sound. • Famous jazz musicians: • Louis Armstrong • Duke Ellington • Bessie Smith-St. Louis Blues

  28. The Lost Generation • The war caused a lot of writers to write about the dark, depressing results. • They saw little hope for the future. • Many saw no freedom or tolerance in America, so they moved to Paris, France. • This group of expatriates, people who choose to live in a country not of their birth, were called the Lost Generation. • Some of the famous writers were: • Ernest Hemingway • F. Scott Fitzgerald • Sinclair Lewis

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