ENGL1A 20 February 2014

1. ENGL1A20 February 2014

2. Today: 20 February • Grammar: comma splices • Integrating sources in your writing

3. Announcements • This coming Tuesday, February 25: • Concept essay D2 (Turnitin.com) • RWR group 4 • Keep track of Success Center activities due dates.

4. Concept Essay • D2 due Tuesday, Feb. 25 via Turnitin.com • Remember, it includes: • Focused explanation • Readable plan • Appropriate explanation • Smooth integration of sources

5. Things you need in your essays • Hook • Thesis • This should be 1 sentence. • In your concept paper, don’t “bury” it too deep. • Well-organized body • It should be clear when you are transitioning to another point. • Conclusion • Re-iterate thesis in some way (but do NOT repeat it verbatim).

6. Grammar • In Mini-essay 1, the most prevalent grammar error was “comma splices.” • This is when you join two independent clauses (sentences) with a comma—which is incorrect!

7. Grammar • Careful: Don’t confuse a phrase with a clause. • Phrase = a group of two or more words • the smelly camel • my mom’s car • before calling him • Clause = a group of words with at least 1 subject + 1 verb • Dependent (can’t stand alone) • Independent (can stand alone)

8. Grammar • Independent clauses (can stand alone) • Joe ate the cookie. • Mary drank coffee. • Dependent clauses (can’t stand alone) • Because she drank the coffee (…) • As soon as he realized his mistake (…) • While we talk in dependent clauses, it is inappropriate to write in them (standing alone).

9. Grammar • Sometimes a participle phrase looks like a clause. • It had started raining again, fat drops hitting the window like pebbles. () • “fat drops hitting the window like pebbles” is a participle phrase, NOT an independent clause

10. Grammar • It had started raining again. Fat drops hitting the window like pebbles. () • Because “fat drops hitting the window like pebbles” is NOT an independent clause, you cannot use a period here.

11. Dependent clause,independent clause. () • Because she drank the coffee, Mary felt alert. • As soon as he realized his mistake,he corrected it. Independent clause dependent clause.() • Mary felt alert because she drank the coffee. • He corrected his mistake as soon as he realized it.

12. Independent clause,independent clause. () • She drank the coffee, Mary felt alert. • He realized his mistake,he corrected it. • Mark drove to work, he loves his job. • Please correct your essay, it’s due tomorrow.

13. What’s the fix? Make 2 sentences. • Make 2 sentences. • Think: What are the thoughts that can “stand alone”? • She drank the coffee, Mary felt alert. () • Thought 1: She drank the coffee. • Thought 2: Mary felt alert. • She drank the coffee. Mary felt alert. ()

14. What’s the fix? Semi-colon. • Use a semi-colon (;). • A semi-colon is NOT a comma (,) and it’s NOT a colon (:). • It works like the word “and.” • She drank the coffee, Mary felt alert. () • She drank the coffee; Mary felt alert. () • She drank the coffee; and Mary felt alert. () • This would be like saying: She drank the coffee and andMary felt alert. (No one talks/writes that way.)

15. What’s the fix? Compound sentence. • Make it a compound sentence. • Use ,FANBOYS. • F = for • A = and • N = nor • B = but • O = or • Y = yet • S = so

16. What’s the fix? Compound sentence. • She drank the coffee, Mary felt alert. () • She drank the coffee, and Mary felt alert. () • CAREFUL: The different conjunctions (FANBOYS) have different meanings. • “But” shows contrast. • “And” shows addition. • “For” is like saying “because.”

17. What’s the fix? Subordinate conjunction. • Use a subordinating conjunction (make one of the statements a dependentclause). • Be careful with comma placement. • She drank the coffee, Mary felt alert. () • Becauseshe drank the coffee,Mary felt alert. () • After she drank the coffee, Mary felt alert. () • Mary felt alert because she drank the coffee. ()

18. Subordinate conjunctions • after • although • as • because • before • even though • if, even if • in order that • once • provided that • since • so [that implied], so that • than • that • though • unless • when, whenever • where, wherever, whereas • whether • while

19. Practice • Mix ginger and lime with water, it makes a tasty and refreshing drink. • I wonder where Herbert went, he should have been back by now. • Cooper swam 15 laps, he won't be able to do that again tomorrow. • We went to the store, we wanted to buy some chips.

20. Incorporating sources • Direct quote: • “I really don’t like pizza, unless it’s topped with anchovies, marshmallows, and Sriracha sauce,” she said. • Paraphrase: • She said that she likes pizza only if it has anchovies, marshmallows, and Sriracha. • Summary: • She explained her dislike for pizza other than those topped with strange ingredients.

21. Incorporating sources • It doesn’t matter if you directly quote, paraphrase or summarize your source(s)—you MUST cite them! • If it’s not common knowledge or your own ideas/words, CITE! • When in doubt, CITE!

22. Incorporating sources • My argument (thesis): Due to smoking’s harmful effects, smoking should be prohibited at all public colleges and universities in California. • The source I have chosen says: • “Every year in the U.S. over 392,000 people die from tobacco-caused disease, making it the leading cause of preventable death. Another 50,000 people die from exposure to secondhand smoke.” • My source is The American Lung Association. The quote was taken from: http://www.lung.org/stop-smoking/

23. Incorporating sources • My first paragraph (introducing my topic and argument) goes something like this: • Smoking is a deadly habit, but sadly, many people engage in this behavior. As a non-smoking student at Chaffey College, I dislike it when I walk past a smoker and have to inhale their smoke secondhand. College campuses should be a healthy environment for students; they shouldn’t have to worry about being exposed to such a health risk. Due to smoking’s harmful effects, smoking should be prohibited at all public colleges and universities in California.

24. Incorporating sources My source: “Every year in the U.S. over 392,000 people die from tobacco-caused disease, making it the leading cause of preventable death. Another 50,000 people die from exposure to secondhand smoke.” My paragraph: Smoking is a deadly habit, but sadly, many people engage in this behavior. As a non-smoking student at Chaffey College, I dislike it when I walk past a smoker and have to inhale their smoke secondhand. College campuses should be a healthy environment for students; they shouldn’t have to worry about being exposed to such a health risk. Due to smoking’s harmful effects, smoking should be prohibited at all public colleges and universities in California.

25. Incorporating sources • Where should I insert the information from my source? • Smoking is a deadly habit, but sadly, many people engage in this behavior. ⏎As a non-smoking student at Chaffey College, I dislike it when I walk past a smoker and have to inhale their smoke secondhand.⏎College campuses should be a healthy environment for students; they shouldn’t have to worry about being exposed to such a health risk.⏎Due to smoking’s harmful effects, smoking should be prohibited at all public colleges and universities in California.⏎

26. Incorporating sources • How should I use my source? • Direct quote • Interesting • Not too long/technical • Paraphrase • Re-wording the direct quote • Shorter than the original • Summary • Includes primarily the main points • Provides a broader overview • Shorter than the original

27. Incorporating sources • Verbiage often used: • According to x… • X says/said… • From x’s point of view… • X reports that… • In the words of x… • Etc.

28. Incorporating sources • In-text citations are vital. • Styles are different: MLA, APA, Chicago, etc. • Always needed, regardless of the way the source is presented. • If you do not use in-text citations, you are committing plagiarism!

29. Incorporating sources • In-text options: • Wordsworth stated that Romantic poetry was marked by a "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (263). • Romantic poetry is characterized by the "spontaneous overflow of powerful feelings" (Wordsworth 263). • Wordsworth extensively explored the role of emotion in the creative process (263). • Works cited page entry: • Wordsworth, William. Lyrical Ballads. London: Oxford U.P., 1967. Print.

30. Incorporating sources • Non-print, internet sources can be tricky. • You do not need to give paragraph numbers or page numbers based on your Web browser’s print preview function. • If there is no author found, then you would use the work’s title as the in-text citation. • If you get information from a company or organization website and there’s not author found, then it’s okay to say that the company/organization is the author.

31. Incorporating sources The American Lung Association (my source): • “Every year in the U.S. over 392,000 people die from tobacco-caused disease, making it the leading cause of preventable death. Another 50,000 people die from exposure to secondhand smoke.” This is an internet source with no “page numbers” needed for an in-text citation.

32. Incorporating sources • Direct quote: • “Every year in the U.S. over 392,000 people die from tobacco-caused disease, making it the leading cause of preventable death. Another 50,000 people die from exposure to secondhand smoke” (American Lung Association). • Paraphrase/summary: • The American Lung Association states that every year more than 390,000 people in the U.S. die from tobacco-related diseases, and another 50,000 die from secondhand smoke exposure.

33. Incorporating sources • It’s not enough just to have in-text citations. • You must also have a Works Cited page at the end of your essay. • In Prof. Durfield’s classes: Works Cited page is not included in the total page count (if your essay should be 2-3 pages long, and you have 1 page of content and 1 Works Cited page, you will graded as if you only had submitted a 1 page essay). • Your in-text citations should match the entries in your Works Cited list. • Trouble with citations? Try www.easybib.com.

34. Incorporating sources • Now, it’s your turn! • Write a paragraph arguing against smoking; effectively incorporate the provided source quotes. • If you don’t finish today, you may turn it in at the beginning of class on Tuesday, February 25.