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Insights into Autoimmunity: Experimental Models, Theoretical Causes, and Therapeutic Approaches

Delve into the world of autoimmunity, exploring experimental models like Complete Freund’s adjuvant, theoretical causes, and potential treatments for diseases such as diabetes, lupus, and more. Learn about the complexities of self-reactive T and B cells, peripheral tolerance, and the role of MHC molecules in autoimmunity.

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Insights into Autoimmunity: Experimental Models, Theoretical Causes, and Therapeutic Approaches

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  1. Chapter 16- Tolerance and autoimmunity • Where we’re going- • Brief look at just a few diseases- • A longer look at theoretical causes

  2. Experimental models • Mice that get diseases like diabetes and lupus • Experimental systems

  3. Complete Freund’s adjuvant- big stimulator of the immune system!

  4. So what causes autoimmunity? • We know about clonal deletion of B cells, and negative selection of T cells- BUT we still have self-reactive T & B cells out there, but they’re anergic- peripheral tolerance-so there’s something about the way a self-reactive T cell normally sees its antigen that suppresses it- and that isn’t working in autoimmunity. • Study the next slide!

  5. Multiple events could be involved! EAE, heart attack Ab’s, anti-sperm Ab’s post-vasectomy IDDM Pancreatic cells- hi levels of MHC I &II! 20-9 A viral peptide is presented by MHCII- it looks like self- stimulates self-rxtive Th cell- Self-peptides are not normally on MCHII! LPS, EBV in mono- AIDS patients have viruses & non-specific Ab’s.

  6. So- what do we do about these • Steroids- useful, blunt instrument- cyclosporin is slightly less blunt- used in transplantation. • We can NAIL these diseases in mice! Human trials-????

  7. Activated T cells have IL2R Vaccinate with dead specific Tcells Competitively inhibit binding of bad peptides with similar peptides.

  8. Mice with Lupus- many helped by anti-CD4 Ab’s.

  9. Antibodies agains a particular Vb region stopped EAE

  10. Things to know • A few diseases and their autoimmune cause- MS, Graves, IDDM, rheumatic fever- mainly cell-mediated or Ab-mediated, or both. • Experimental systems- EAE in particular. • Ways we become autoimmune- Fig. 16-12 • Potential treatments.

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