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Food Security 糧食保障

Food Security 糧食保障. 蕭寧馨 應用營養研究室 台灣大學生化科技系 2012. Double Burden. 世界人權宣言 （ Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948 ）. http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/eng.htm. Article 25

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Food Security 糧食保障

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  1. Food Security糧食保障 蕭寧馨 應用營養研究室 台灣大學生化科技系 2012

  2. Double Burden

  3. 世界人權宣言（Universal Declaration of Human Rights, 1948） http://www.unhchr.ch/udhr/lang/eng.htm • Article 25 1. Everyone has the right to a standard of living adequate for the health and well-being of himself and of his family, including food, clothing, housing and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability, widowhood, old age or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control. 2. Motherhood and childhood are entitled to special care and assistance. All children, whether born in or out of wedlock, shall enjoy the same social protection. • 第25條款第1款明白宣示： 「人人皆應享有維持本人與家庭之健康與福利所需的生活水準，包括：食、衣、住、醫療照護與必要的公共服務，並在失業、疾病、機能障礙、鰥寡、老年、不可抗力因素下喪失謀生能力時，得到保障。∙∙」

  4. Food security 定義 • Food security exists when all people, at all times, have physical and economic access to enough safe and nutritious food to meet their dietary needs and food preferences for an active and healthy lifestyle. (World Food Summit 1996) • Food is available – • Amount and quality, consistent • Food is accessible – • Affordable, economic and physical • Food is utilized – • nutrition, sanitation and water • Stability of all three

  5. 世界人口變遷 http://www.fao.org/publications/sofi/en/

  6. 開發中國家人口增長最多 World Population (in Billions): 1950-2050 Source: United Nations Population Division, World Population Prospects, The 2008 Revision.

  7. Food security for a household Includes at a minimum: • The ready availability of nutritionally adequate and safe foods. • Assured ability to acquire acceptable foods in socially acceptable

  8. 台灣的人口變遷 人口增加因死亡率降低之故 98：23,119,772 97：23,037,031 93：22,689,122

  9. 台灣人口轉型圖

  10. 台灣人口老化之進展 • 依聯合國標準，以65歲以上人口比例 • 「高齡化」7%：1993 • 「高齡社會」14%：2017 • 「超高齡社會」20%：2025

  11. 各國生育率變化圖

  12. 台灣糧食自給率與進口比例

  13. 其他國家糧食自給率

  14. FAO Food Price Index http://www.fao.org/worldfoodsituation/wfs-home/foodpricesindex/en/

  15. FAO Food Price Index

  16. http://www.fao.org/worldfoodsituation/wfs-home/csdb/en/

  17. 貧窮 健康不良 AID/HIV 水與環境: 1 公斤水稻需要 3000 公升水 1 公斤小麥需要1000公升水 灌溉可使生產量增加100-400% 17%農地有灌溉措施 性別不平等: 女性 生產勞動者 教育, 決策 災難與戰爭衝突 人口與都市化 人口增加 農地減少 貿易障礙 補貼與競爭 喪失糧食保障的原因

  18. 增加農業生產效率 綠色革命The Green Revolution of the 1970s and 1980s 品種改良, 肥料, 農藥 技術, 研究, 補助 基因改造作物GMO 改善經濟與貿易自由 分配 (next) 性別平等 重視女性 食物救濟 配合工作機會, 健康改善, 教育等 避免依賴性 解決長期問題為目標 解決糧食問題

  19. 預防糧食危機各國有責

  20. Global Hunger Index GHI • three equally weighted indicators in one index: • Undernourishment: the proportion of undernourished people • Child underweight: the proportion of children < 5 yrs who are underweight • Child mortality: the mortality rate of children < 5 yrs • http://www.ifpri.org/ghi/2012 • http://www.ifpri.org/ghi/2012

  21. FAO: The state of food insecurity 2012

  22. FAO: Hunger Report 2011

  23. 貧困使女性勞動人口增加

  24. 貧困之下女嬰死亡率升高

  25. The World Declaration of Nutrition and Global Plan of Action: HighlightsRome 1992 • 聲明「每個人有獲得營養及安全的食物的權利」。 • 認定營養是社會發展的先決條件，也是人類進步的目標，營養的健全應是社經發展與策略的中心 • 訂定全球行動計畫之目標 • 確保所有人都有持續的、安全、營養的食物供應 • 達到並維持全人類的營養健康 • 實現健全的環境及永續性社會發展，以助改善健康及營養 • 消除飢荒及餓死

  26. The World Declaration of Nutrition世界營養宣言九大行動主題： • 將營養議題納入政策及計劃發展 • 改善居家食物保障 • 改善食物品質及安全以保護消費者 • 預防、處理傳染性疾病 • 鼓勵母乳哺育 • 照護社經、營養弱勢 • 預防、控制特定微量營養素缺乏 • 鼓勵健康的飲食及生活型態 • 評估、分析、監控營養狀況

  27. 認知與行動-為自己 • 身體機能精妙複雜，飲食營養知識不簡單 • 要積極學習正確的食物與營養知識與資訊，以做出健康的選擇 • 不浪費食物，購買食品不囤積，準備食物不過量

  28. 認知與行動-己飢人飢 • 要發揮個人和公共的力量來改善弱勢族群的飲食營養 • 共同營造健康飲食環境，支持個人健康選擇 • 父母師長要以身作則，用聰明智慧來幫助兒女孩童建立健康的飲食習慣 • 參與經營健康生態與生產環境

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