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American Historical Survey: Key Events and Civilizations

Explore America before European arrival, Spanish conquest, European colonization, American Revolution, and more. Learn about prominent civilizations like Olmecs, Mayans, Aztecs, and Incas. Dive into discoveries and conquests that shaped the nation. Uncover European exploration, conquistadors, and colonial rivalries. Analyze roots of revolution and post-war challenges. British strikes, taxes, and colonial resistance all culminated in the historic Boston Tea Party. Discover the roadmap of American history in this comprehensive unit.

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American Historical Survey: Key Events and Civilizations

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  1. Unit 1: American Historical Survey Stuff you SHOULD remember

  2. Road Map for the Unit • America before the Europeans • Spanish conquest and exploration • European colonization and competition • American Revolution and the Constitution • Expansion of the country – Louisiana Purchase, Texas and the Mexican War

  3. Discovery? • 1492 – 1,000,000+ inhabitants • 6 main geographic regions – each with their own “personality”

  4. Mound Builders • A group of cultures under one collective name • 3000 BC to 16th century • Lived throughout modern mid west and south east

  5. Anasazi & Hohokam • Lived throughout modern SW United States • Famous for cliff dwellings and use of irrigation to farm • Possibly driven to cliffs and plateaus for safety and protection of food sources

  6. Discovery? • Latin America was home to 14,000,000+ • The “Great” Civilizations • Olmecs • Mayans • Aztec • Inca

  7. Olmecs • 3000+ yrs ago • Gulf coast/Yucatan in Mexico • Possibly the foundation for the major civilizations that followed • Mesoamerican ball game • Long count calendar • Ritual bloodletting

  8. Mayans • Developed throughout the Yucatan and Central America • Built huge temples and cities • Social class system • Priests, Nobles/Govt officials/Warriors, Peasants, Slaves • Excellent astronomers • Developed an abacus(Nepohualtzintzin) • Famous for their calendar(s) • Tzolkin (260) and the Haab(365) work in tandem to form the Calendar Round(52 years) • Long Count Calendar created to keep track of earlier/later dates

  9. Tulum Chichen Itza Tikal Palenque

  10. Aztecs • Large part of their history – nomads • Looking for their “legend” • Tenochtitlan • Developed an empire in central Mexico(Mexico City) • Social Class system • Emperor/Royalty, Priests/Nobles, Warriors, Merchants, Farmers, Slaves

  11. Aztecs

  12. Incas • The largest empire in the Americas • Developed system of terraces and roads through the mountains. • Government stored surplus • Had to be married by 20 • Gold was the sweat of the “gods”

  13. Inca

  14. “Discovery” Theories • 1421 Theory • Chinese • Evidence is sketchy • Map • Artifacts • Native American art • Why isn’t there more concrete evidence?

  15. “Discovery” Theories • The Viking Theory • Erik the Red settled on Greenland • Leif Eriksson left to explore and eventually set up a colony on “Vinland” (Newfoundland)

  16. European Exploration

  17. European Exploration • Portugal and Spain began looking for a better route • October 12, 1492 Columbus lands at San Salvador • 1494 – Treaty of Tordesillas(Line of Demarcation) • 1519 – Magellan begins his trip around the world • 5 ships and 251 crew • 1522 – 1 ship and 18 crew arrive back in Spain * Spain decides to focus on the Americas

  18. Spanish Conquest and Empire • Conquistadors • Ponce de Leon – Fountain of Youth • Cortes – Aztecs • Pizarro – Inca • Hernando de Soto and Francisco Coronado – cities of gold(SE and SW) • Quickly established a class system • Peninsulares – Spanish born • Creoles – Spanish parents but born in Americas • Mestizos – Spanish/Indian • Indians

  19. Colonizing North America • European rivalries drove competition • NW Passage • Protestant Reformation • Queen Elizabeth – “rob and steal”

  20. Colonizing North America • New France • Cours de bois • New Netherland • English colonies • Roanoke • Jamestown • Disney • House of Burgesses • Plymouth

  21. 13 English Colonies • Divided into 3 regions • New England • Middle • Southern

  22. A New Society • “Triangular trade” • Mercantilism • Navigation Acts (1650-96) • Staples Act (1663)

  23. Roots of Revolution Take Hold • English Bill of Rights • Enlightenment thinkers • John Locke, Jean Jaque Rousseau, Baron Montesquieu • Great Awakening • Jonathan Edwards, George Whitefield • Education systems

  24. Roots of Revolution Take Hold • French and Indian War • Ft Necessity • Early success went to the French • Pitt’s policies • Treaty of Paris (1763)

  25. Post-War Problems • INDIANS • British had complete control of the Ohio River Valley • Pontiac’s War • Proclamation of 1763

  26. Post-War Problems • Many colonists ignored it • Daniel Boone and the Cumberland Gap

  27. Post-War Problems • TAXES • Britain’s heavy war debt • Sugar Act (1764) • Stamp Act (1765)

  28. Post-War Problems • Townshend Acts (1767) • Writs of Assistance • Sons/Daughters of Liberty

  29. British Strike Back • Boston Massacre • Rowdy crowd + nervous soldiers = BAD • Son of Liberty/press hyped it up • Committees of Correspondence (Adams) • Townshend Acts repealed, BUT tax on tea stayed • Parliament passed Tea Act (1773) • Cut out the tea merchants

  30. British Strike Back • Boston Tea Party • Intolerable Acts • Boston Harbor • 1 town mtg/yr • Trials in Britain • Quartering Act

  31. British Strike Back • First Continental Congress (1774) • Boycott British goods • No more exports • Militias • Shot heard round the world………

  32. The Revolution Begins • Second Continental Congress • Fort Ticonderoga • Ethan Allen and the GMB • Olive Branch Petition

  33. The Revolution Begins • Bunker Hill/Breed’s Hill • Failed invasion of Canada • Benedict Arnold

  34. The Revolution Begins • Declaring Independence • Common Sense • Adams, Franklin, Jefferson • 3 parts • Natural Rights • British Wrongs • Independence

  35. Key Events • Disastrous early on • Training • Nathan Hale • Battle of Trenton/Princeton • Turning point of the war - Saratoga • Valley Forge • European help • von Steuben – Drill master • de Lafayette – friend to GW • Kosciusko – forts/defenses • Pulaski - cavalry

  36. Wrapping Things Up • New leaders • Nathaniel Greene • Daniel Morgan • Francis Marion • Cowpens • Yorktown • Treaty of Paris (1783)

  37. Creating a Republic • We Won!!!! Now leave me alone! • State Constitutions • Articles of Confederation (1777) • Congress can…… • Congress cannot……

  38. Creating a Republic • Many early problems • Debt • Britain/Spain • Unorganized • Land Ordinance Act (1785) • Northwest Ordinance (1787) • Shay’s Rebellion

  39. Creating a Republic • Constitutional Convention (1787) • GW • Virginia Plan • New Jersey Plan • 3/5ths Compromise and the slave trade • Federalists vs. Anti-Federalists • Bill of Rights • George Washington and John Adams

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