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THEMES AND INDICATORS FOR AN INTEGRATED APPROACH

INTRODUCTION. LANDSCAPE POLICIES. THEMES AND INDICATORS FOR AN INTEGRATED APPROACH.

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THEMES AND INDICATORS FOR AN INTEGRATED APPROACH

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  1. INTRODUCTION LANDSCAPE POLICIES THEMES AND INDICATORS FOR AN INTEGRATED APPROACH

  2. The legislative system that regulates landscape planning in Romania is based on the fundamental n°350/2001 (LATU), approved in 2001, that introduces regulations for planning activities both at the Regional and urban level. The law proposes the acquisition of balanced development, in order to guarantee the protection of the natural and urbanised patrimony, in addition to improving the quality of the conditions of life, in both urbanised and rural areas. Notwithstanding the fact that this law was approved in 2001, following a lengthy process of elaboration, law n°350 has managed to incorporate the indications contained within the European Landscape Convention. The law identifies the objectives relative to the quality of life for local inhabitants, without furthering the relationship between the landscape and without indicting the objectives of landscape quality as called for in the European Convention. The protection objectives indicated within the law are aimed at the protection of natural and man-made areas, considering exclusively those areas of exceptional value. The law for the incorporation of the European Landscape Convention (n°451/2001) opens the path towards the implementation of the Convention. The hope here is that it will open up a debate about the methods to be implemented for the incorporation of the Convention. The Romanian version of the Convention must be completed by means of specific legislation and regulations. Laws that have an effect upon landscape planning include law n°422/2001 for the protection of historical monuments. This law identifies those elements that constitute the historical patrimony and establishes criteria for the valorisation of buildings and for portions of the territory connected with them. Particular relevance is represented by the formation of guidelines for the application of the European Landscape Convention to activities of urban and spatial planning. The guidelines, prepared by the Ministry of Transportation, Constructions and Tourism, introduce an approach to the landscape in spatial planning policies and regulate the transformations of planning activities such that they respond to the indications contained within the Convention. In Romania there are two Ministries at the State level that are responsible, directly or indirectly, for landscape planning. The Ministry of Transport, Constructions and Tourism (MTCT) and the Ministry of Culture and Cults (MCC). Both Ministries undertake activities of research, emit legislation and regulations for the control of planning activities; they are also responsible for activities of control and approval of landscape plans as well as issuing licences. The Ministry of Culture and Cults is also present at the regional and local levels; nonetheless, at this scale there are no authorities that are responsible exclusively for landscape policies. The experts in the field are few; generally they are figures from the more traditional field of conservation of the cultural patrimony that have only recently become interested in landscape issues, precisely as a result of the importance given to them by the Florentine Convention. The landscape is not yet seen as an issue to be dealt with and has little effect, currently, upon the everyday life of Romanian citizens. The Romanian Government is, nonetheless, aware of the great importance marked by the social, economic and legislative transformations of the 1970’s and 80’s. Another group that has responsibilities for the landscape is the National Institute for Research and Development in Urban and Regional Planning (INCD URBAN PROJECT) that undertakes research and cares for the management of landscape planning instruments. The other subjects who have responsibilities for these matters are the Province Council and the City Council. The list of planning instruments includes the General Urban Plan PUG (Master Plan) for Bucharest. The Plan, which assumes the character of a strategic plan, establishes rules for differentiated transformation based on medium and long-term periods of implementation. It establishes strategies for protection and sustainable development and introduces the concept of requalification projects. ROMANIA

  3. CARTOGRAPHY AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS THEMATIC CARTOGRAFY HISTORICAL CARTOGRAPHY INVENTORIES HISTORICAL-CULTURAL RESOURCES PHYSICAL-NATURALISTIC RESOURCES SOCIAL-SYMBOLIC RESOURCES THEMES AND INDICATORS FOR AN INTEGRATED APPROACH ROMANIA

  4. THE RULES SYSTEM FOR THE LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT SUBJECT AND ADMINISTRATIVE BODIES LANDSCAPE PLANNING AND DESIGN INSTRUMENTS AND RELATIVE PERFORMANCES LANDSCAPE POLICIES RELATIONSHIPS (IF ANY) WITH URBAN PLANNING INSTRUMENTS LANDSCAPE POLICIES RELATIONSHIPS (IF ANY) WITH THE PUBLIC WORK SECTOR RELATIONSHIPS WITH OTHER POLICIES LANDSCAPE PROJECTS ECONOMICAL/FINANCIAL RESOURCES AVAILABLE GENERAL COMMENTS ON LANDSCAPE POLICIES LANDSCAPE POLICIES ROMANIA

  5. INDICE DELLE PRINCIPALI CARTOGRAFIE DISPONIBILI SCALE 1:100.000 SCALE 1:50.000 SCALE 1:25.000 SCALE 1:10.000 SCALE 1:5.000 SCALE 1: 1000, 1:500 FOR THE CITY OF BUCHAREST ROMANIA BACK

  6. sources: Town Council, District Council, Military Topographic Direction surface area of territory covered: whole country availability of databanks: scale 1:25.000 – military secret other scales –theoretically available, practically available rather difficult availability in digital format: only on districts scale 1:100.000 degree of accessibility (high, average, low): low ROMANIA BACK

  7. AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS PHOTOGRAPHIC MAPS AERIAL PHOTOGRAPHS ROMANIA BACK

  8. THEMATIC CARTOGRAPHY LAND USE MAP GEOLOGICAL AND GEOMORPHOLOGICAL MAP ROAD MAP MAP OF TECHNOLOGICAL NETWORKS (GAS PIPELINE, WATER CONDUCT...) MAP OF RISKS (SEISMIC, GEOLOGICAL, HYDROGEOLOGICAL ETC…) ACCLIVITY MAP PROTECTED AREAS MAP PARKS MAP ROMANIA BACK

  9. sources: Local Councils : Land use map, Road map, • Map of technological networks, Parks map • MTCT: Map of risks, Protected areas map, • surface area of territory covered: country level • availability of databanks: yes • availability in digital format: partially • degree of accessibility (high, average, low): low ROMANIA BACK

  10. HISTORICAL CARTOGRAPHY HISTORICAL MAPS: FOR BUCHAREST 1780 – FR. I. SULZER PLAN 1788 -1791 – FR. ERNST AND PURCELL PLANS 1 852 – BORROCZYN PLAN (FIRST TOPOGRAPHIC PLAN) 1895, 1911, 1966 – TOPOGRAPHIC PLANS OF BUCHAREST ROMANIA BACK

  11. sources: The Romanian Academy Library, University of Bucharest – Faculty of history, The Archives of the Museum of the city of Bucharest surface area of territory covered: the whole city at different historical moments • availability of databanks: no • availability in digital format: no • degree of accessibility (high, average, low):low ROMANIA BACK

  12. INVENTORIES CENSUS OF NATURE HERITAGE THE LIST OF NATURAL, HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS AND SITES ON THE LEVEL OF THE NATIONAL TERRITORY CENSUS OF ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE THE LIST OF NATURAL, HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS AND SITES ON THE LEVEL OF THE NATIONAL TERRITORY PROTECTED NATURAL, HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL AREAS IDENTIFIED IN THE CENSUS OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL HERITAGE LIST OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES ROMANIA BACK

  13. THE LIST OF NATURAL, HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL • MONUMENTS AND SITES ON THE LEVEL OF THE NATIONAL TERRITORY • sources: The Law 5 / 2000, Provincial territorial development plans, General urban development plans • surface area of territory covered: country, provincial, communal level • availability of databanks: yes • availability in digital format: partial • degree of accessibility (high, average, low): • average in general, high for the city of Bucharest (on the internet) ROMANIA BACK

  14. THE LIST OF NATURAL, HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS AND SITES ON THE LEVEL OF THE NATIONAL TERRITORY • sources: for the List – Historical Monuments Direction for protected areas – Master Plan • surface area of territory covered: Romania • availability of databanks: yes • availability in digital format:no • degree of accessibility (high, average, low): average ROMANIA BACK

  15. THE LIST OF NATURAL, HISTORICAL AND ARCHAEOLOGICAL MONUMENTS AND SITES ON THE LEVEL OF THE NATIONAL TERRITORY • sources: for the List – Historical Monuments Direction for protected areas – Master Plan • surface area of territory covered: Romania • availability of databanks: yes • availability in digital format:no • degree of accessibility (high, average, low): average ROMANIA BACK

  16. LIST OF ARCHAEOLOGICAL SITES • sources: Law 5 / 2000 • surface area of territory covered: country level • availability of databanks: yes • availability in digital format: no • degree of accessibility (high, average, low): high (internet) ROMANIA BACK

  17. HISTORICAL-CULTURAL RESOURCES MATERIALS FIGURATIVE IMAGES (PICTORIAL, PHOTOGRAPHIC, ILLUSTRATIONS) – PAINTINGS, ENGRAVINGS, PHOTOS LITERARY REFERENCES (DESCRIPTIONS, WRITERS, TRAVELLERS FROM LITERARY SOURCES AND TOURIST GUIDES) THEMATIC STUDIES HISTORICAL MATRICES OF THE TERRITORY ROMANIA BACK

  18. PHYSICAL-NATURALISTIC RESOURCES • MATERIALS • VEGETATION MAP • THEMATIC STUDIES • SPECIFIC STUDIES INCLUDED IN PROJECTS FOR TERRITORIAL AND URBAN PLANNING PUG ROMANIA BACK

  19. SOCIAL-SYMBOLIC RESOURCES • PLACES OF COLLECTIVE IDENTIFICATION • PLACES OF LOCAL QUALITY PRODUCTION • MYTHICAL AND HISTORICAL PLACES • PLACES OF SYMBOLIC STRATIFICATION • UNIVERSES OF MEANING (THE DIFFERENT LANDSCAPE’S IDENTITIES) • VISUAL CHARACTERS OF THE LANDSCAPE ROMANIA BACK

  20. THE RULES SYSTEM FOR THE LANDSCAPE MANAGEMENT LAWS THAT HAVE SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS ON THE LANDSCAPE LAW N°451/2001, FOR THE RATIFICATION OF THE EUROPEAN LANDSCAPE CONVENTION LAW N° 422/2001, REGARDING THE PROTECTION OF THE HISTORICAL MONUMENTS LAWS REGULATING THE LANDSCAPE AT A STATE/REGIONAL LEVEL LAW N°350/2001, REGARDING REGIONAL AND URBAN PLANNING LATU LAWS THAT HAVE SIGNIFICANT EFFECTS ON THE LANDSCAPE LAW N°5 FOR THE APPROVAL OF THE PLAN OF NATIONAL LAND DEVELOPMENT – PATN, 3RD SECTION PROTECTED AREAS GUIDELINE REGARDING THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE EUROPEAN LANDSCAPE CONVENTION ON URBAN AND TERRITORIAL PLANNING ACTIVITY ROMANIA BACK

  21. LAW N°451/2001, FOR THE RATIFICATION OF THE EUROPEAN LANDSCAPE CONVENTION • name:Law n°451/2001, for the ratification of the European Landscape Convention, • date of approval: 2001 • territory of pertinence: country level • type of law (rules, guidelines…): law • principal aspects: ratifies the European Landscape Convention • expected effect: a new approach of the territory according to the European Landscape Convention • Comments: • - opens the way for the implementation of the Convention’s provisions and, hopefully, opens the way for a necessary reflection about the best and more appropriate ways to do this implementation, in the absence of specific preoccupations, yet, in the field of the interpretation of the territory – both urban and extra urban – in term of landscape • - it is just presenting the romanian version of the Convention – it has to be completed with specific laws and regulations ROMANIA BACK

  22. LAW N° 422/2001, REGARDING THE PROTECTION OF THE HISTORICAL MONUMENTS • name: Law n° 422/2001, regarding the protection of the historical monuments • date of approval: july, 2001 • territory of pertinence: country level • type of law (rules, guidelines…): law • principal aspects: it is regulating the general juridical status of the historical monuments, defined as immobile goods, constructions, and lands, of significance for the national and universal history, the culture and civilisation • expected effect • comments • - it is dealing with items invested with exceptional value, intended as being a depository of a special significance – this is the definition of the patrimony, it is setting criteria for the qualification of buildings and parts of the territory to special provisions of protection • - this law marks a progress by enlarging considerably the field of it’s preoccupations toward whole urban or territorial areas or archaeological fields ROMANIA BACK

  23. LAW N°350/2001, REGARDING REGIONAL AND URBAN PLANNING LATU • name: Law n°350/2001, regarding regional and urban planning LATU • date of approval: july 2001 • territory of pertinence: country level • type of law (rules, guidelines…): law • principal characteristics: establishes rules for urban and regional planning activity • expected effect: the balanced territorial development (at both urban and regional level) in order to insure the protection of natural and build patrimony and the improvement of life quality in urban and rural areas • comments • - it was approved in 2001, but went through a long process of elaboration and so could not take into account the European Landscape Convention, its interpretation of the territory as landscape and as such as a overall spread value • - it sets objectives related to the quality of the life of the inhabitants, omitting however to explicitly relate them to concrete, physical form of the territory – failing, that is, to relate them to landscape, to objectives of landscape quality • - it sets objectives related to the protection of natural and build areas, aiming to take into account only the sites accredited with exceptional value ROMANIA BACK

  24. LAW N°5 FOR THE APPROVAL OF THE PLAN OF NATIONAL LAND DEVELOPMENT – PATN, 3RD SECTION PROTECTED AREAS • name: Law n°5 for the approval of the Plan of National Land Development – PATN, 3rd Section Protected Areas • date of approval: 6 march, 2000 • territory of pertinence: country level • type of law (rules, guidelines…): law • principal aspects: establishes national protected areas – natural, build and archaeological sites, in view of their conservation • expected effect: insurance of their protection • comments: • - the protected areas are physically identified, geographically and/or topographically, 0 ROMANIA BACK

  25. GUIDELINE REGARDING THE IMPLICATIONS OF THE EUROPEAN LANDSCAPE CONVENTION ON URBAN AND TERRITORIAL PLANNING ACTIVITY • name: Guideline regarding the implications of the European Landscape Convention on urban and territorial planning activity • date of elaboration: march 2002 • territory of pertinence: urban and territorial areas • type of law (rules, guidelines…): guideline • principal aspects: identifies some of the principal transformations the activity of urban and territorial planning has to assume in order to absorb in order to be able to respond to the European Landscape Convention’s provisions • expected effect: improvement of the quality of urban and territorial planning and promotion of a new approach of the territory in terms of landscape • comments: the guideline, promoted by the Ministry of Transport, Constructions ant Tourism MTCT, responsible for the ROMANIA BACK

  26. SUBJECT AND ADMINISTRATIVE BODIES NATIONAL MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT, CONSTRUCTIONS ANT TOURISM MTCT MINISTRY OF CULTURE AND CULTS MCC INCD URBAN PROIECT THE PROVINCE. PROVINCE COUNCIL MUNICIPALITY CITY COUNCIL ROMANIA BACK

  27. MINISTRY OF TRANSPORT, CONSTRUCTIONS ANT TOURISM MTCT • subject: National (Ministry and/or responsible institution) • name of institution: Ministry of Transport, Constructions ant Tourism MTCT • specific competence • law and rules activity in the field of landscape planning and management • landscape planning instruments approval • control activity on institution proposed for the landscape management • implementation and managing of landscape planning instruments • research activity ROMANIA BACK

  28. MINISTRY OF CULTURE AND CULTS MCC • subject: National (Ministry and/or responsible institution) • name of institution: Ministry of Culture and Cults MCC • specific competence • law and rules activity in the field of landscape planning and management • landscape planning instruments approval • licences activity • control activity on institution proposed for the landscape management • implementation and managing of landscape planning instruments • research activity ROMANIA BACK

  29. INCD URBAN PROIECT • subject: National Institute for Research and Development in Urban and Regional Planning • name of institution: INCD URBANPROIECT • specific competence • law and rules activity in the field of landscape planning and management • landscape planning activity • implementation and managing of landscape planning instruments • research activity ROMANIA BACK

  30. PROVINCE COUNCIL • subject: The Province (involved departments) Province • name of institution: Province Council • specific competence • law and rules activity in the field of landscape planning and management • landscape planning activity • landscape planning instruments approval • licences activity • control activity on institution proposed for the landscape management • implementation and managing of landscape planning instruments ROMANIA BACK

  31. CITY COUNCIL • subject: Municipality (Municipality and/or involved departments) • name of institution: City Council • specific competence • landscape planning • rules activity in the landscape transformation field • license activity and control activity • territorial control activity (illegal construction…) • landscape monitoring ROMANIA BACK

  32. LANDSCAPE PLANNING AND DESIGN INSTRUMENTS AND RELATIVE PERFORMANCES GENERAL URBAN PLAN - PUG (MASTER PLAN) ROMANIA BACK

  33. GENERAL URBAN PLAN - PUG (MASTER PLAN) • name: General Urban Plan - PUG (Master Plan) • date of promulgation: Bucharest Master Plan – 2001 • application ambit (state, regional, provincial, communal): administrative territory of the Bucarest city • typology: • strategic plan • planning instrument with statutory force • planning instrument with guidance force • informal plan • rules • principal characteristics: establishes rules for both short, medium and long time for city development • expected effects: a well balanced development of the city • comments: • performances • establishment of protection, sustainable development and rehabilitation projects ROMANIA BACK

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