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DNA Detectives

DNA Detectives. Solving mysteries using DNA technology. Presented by Dawn Crisologo and Justin Guce Biology Unit, PSHS – Main Campus, Diliman , Quezon City. http://www.virginmedia.com/microsites/technology/slideshow/vm-tech-gallery/civilliberties/img_5.jpg. THE SCENE.

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DNA Detectives

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  1. DNA Detectives Solving mysteries using DNA technology Presented by Dawn Crisologo and Justin Guce Biology Unit, PSHS – Main Campus, Diliman, Quezon City http://www.virginmedia.com/microsites/technology/slideshow/vm-tech-gallery/civilliberties/img_5.jpg

  2. THE SCENE • DNA fingerprinting in the Biology classroom • Basic features of DNA • Restriction enzymes • How DNA fingerprinting works Simulation activity • Real world and scientific applications • Ethical issues

  3. Why teach DNA fingerprinting? • Extension activity to lessons on the molecular basis of inheritance • Real-world connections • Link to biotechnology careers and industries • Integration of science and technology with society Images from http://www.csi-pi.net, http://www.fbs.leeds.ac.uk/, and http://www1.istockphoto.com/

  4. DNA 101: Basic features http://genetic-identity.com/Basic_Genetics/DNA-of-life.jpg

  5. Restriction enzymes • named after bacterial genus, species, strain, and type e.g.EcoR1 Genus: Escherichia Species: coli Strain: R • recognize specific base sequences in DNA and cut DNA at these recognition sites e.g.GAATTC Restriction site Palindrome Fragment 2 Fragment 1

  6. DNA Fingerprinting 101 • technique used to distinguish between individuals of the same species using only DNA samples • relies on the ability of restriction enzymes to cut DNA from different individuals into fragments of different lengths • invented by Alec Jeffreys of the University of Leicester (1985) Images from http://evolution.berkeley.edu/evolibrary/images/news/ and www.telegraph.co.uk

  7. Uniquely youSequence repeats in the human genome • Variable Number of Tandem Repeats (VNTR) • Amplified Fragment Length Polymorphisms (AmpFLP) • Short Tandem Repeats (STR) • 10 – 13 sites needed for criminal investigations • 4 sites to establish parentage • Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNP) • Y-STR analysis • Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) analysis

  8. DNA Fingerprinting Procedures Images from www.virtualsciencefair.org, images.jupiterimages.com, www.flutrackers.com, www.topac.com, www.bioinformatics.vg, and www.scq.ubc.ca

  9. Real-world applications • Crime scene investigations • Genealogy • Paternity-testing • Animal-relatedness • Anthropology studies • Disease-causing organisms • Food identification • Human remains • Monitoring transplants

  10. Some ethical issues • Fairness in the use of genetic information • Privacy and confidentiality of genetic information • Psychological impact and stigmatization due to an individual's genetic differences • Clinical issues involving implementation of standards and quality-control measures in testing • Uncertainties associated with gene tests for diseases

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