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Food Safety and Agricultural Health Action Plans

Food Safety and Agricultural Health Action Plans. STDF Workshop on SPS Capacity Evaluation Tools Geneva--March 31, 2008. John E. Lamb, Sr. Agribusiness Specialist, Agriculture and Rural Development Department World Bank, Washington, DC. The context. Changes in effective demand.

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Food Safety and Agricultural Health Action Plans

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  1. Food Safety and Agricultural Health Action Plans STDF Workshop on SPS Capacity Evaluation Tools Geneva--March 31, 2008 John E. Lamb, Sr. Agribusiness Specialist, Agriculture and Rural Development Department World Bank, Washington, DC

  2. The context • Changes in effective demand

  3. The context • Changes in effective demand • Rise of “efficient consumer response”

  4. The context • Changes in effective demand • Rise of “efficient consumer response” • Shifting channels of distribution

  5. The context • Changes in effective demand • Rise of “efficient consumer response” • Shifting channels of distribution • Industry consolidation

  6. The context • Changes in effective demand • Rise of “efficient consumer response” • Shifting channels of distribution • Industry consolidation • Globalization of sourcing and marketing

  7. The context • Changes in effective demand • Rise of “efficient consumer response” • Shifting channels of distribution • Industry consolidation • Globalization of sourcing and marketing • Competition between value/supply chains

  8. The context • Changes in effective demand • Rise of “efficient consumer response” • Shifting channels of distribution • Industry consolidation • Globalization of sourcing and marketing • Competition between value/supply chains • Changes in procurement systems

  9. The context • Changes in effective demand • Rise of “efficient consumer response” • Shifting channels of distribution • Industry consolidation • Globalization of sourcing and marketing • Competition between value/supply chains • Changes in procurement systems • Reversal of decline in real food prices

  10. Why should the World Bank and other donors worry about standards? • Protection of the food supply, plant and animal health, and environment

  11. Why should the World Bank and other donors worry about standards? • Protection of the food supply, plant and animal health, and environment • Regulation of internal commerce

  12. Why should the World Bank and other donors worry about standards? • Protection of the food supply, plant and animal health, and environment • Regulation of internal commerce • Facilitation of orderly, arms-length trade

  13. Why should the World Bank and other donors worry about standards? • Protection of the food supply, plant and animal health, and environment • Regulation of internal commerce • Facilitation of orderly, arms-length trade • Contribution to economic growth

  14. Why should the World Bank and other donors worry about standards? • Protection of the food supply, plant and animal health, and environment • Regulation of internal commerce • Facilitation of orderly, arms-length trade • Contribution to economic growth • Danger of crowding out, especially small producers and SMEs, but sometimes entire industries

  15. What functions do public standards play in this scenario? • They determine the official rules of the game

  16. What functions do public standards play in this scenario? • They determine the official rules of the game • They give primacy to good science

  17. What functions do public standards play in this scenario? • They determine the official rules of the game • They give primacy to good science • They strive to ensure transparency

  18. What functions do public standards play in this scenario? • They determine the official rules of the game • They give primacy to good science • They strive to ensure transparency • They control entry to foreign markets

  19. What functions do public standards play in this scenario? • They determine the official rules of the game • They give primacy to good science • They strive to ensure transparency • They control entry to foreign markets • They serve to limit the spread of pests, disease, invasive species

  20. What functions do public standards play in this scenario? • They determine the official rules of the game • They give primacy to good science • They strive to ensure transparency • They control entry to foreign markets • They serve to limit the spread of pests, disease, invasive species • They protect consumers, agriculture and the environment

  21. What functions do public standards play in this scenario? • They determine the official rules of the game • They give primacy to good science • They strive to ensure transparency • They control entry to foreign markets • They serve to limit the spread of pests, disease, invasive species • They protect consumers, agriculture and the environment • They are designed mainly to mitigate health risk, but also serve to limit risks to the economy

  22. What functions do private standards (i.e. requirements) play? • They determine the commercial rules of the game

  23. What functions do private standards (i.e. requirements) play? • They determine the commercial rules of the game • They convey information on the requirements and expectations of particular end-markets (consumer segments and those who serve)

  24. What functions do private standards (i.e. requirements) play? • They determine the commercial rules of the game • They convey information on the requirements and expectations of particular end-markets (consumer segments and those who serve) • They do recognize good science, but give primacy to the consumer and business

  25. What functions do private standards (i.e. requirements) play? • They determine the commercial rules of the game • They convey information on the requirements and expectations of particular end-markets (consumer segments and those who serve) • They do recognize good science, but give primacy to the consumer and business • They control access to domestic and foreign channels of distribution and end-markets, not always transparently

  26. What functions do private standards (i.e. requirements) play? • They determine the commercial rules of the game • They convey information on the requirements and expectations of particular end-markets (consumer segments and those who serve) • They do recognize good science, but give primacy to the consumer and business • They control access to domestic and foreign channels of distribution and end-markets, not always transparently • They are mainly a private good, enhancing profits to supply/value chain participants, while reducing commercial, reputational and legal risk

  27. What functions do private standards (i.e. requirements) play? • They determine the commercial rules of the game • They convey information on the requirements and expectations of particular end-markets (consumer segments and those who serve) • They do recognize good science, but give primacy to the consumer and business • They control access to domestic and foreign channels of distribution and end-markets, not always transparently • They are mainly a private good, enhancing profits to supply/value chain participants, while reducing commercial, reputational and legal risk • Yet they do serve public purposes by helping to mitigate the spread of pests and diseases

  28. A hierarchy of standards has emerged Service Supply Chain Management Environ. Standards Social Standards Food safety and Agricultural Health Standards Technical and Commercial Requirements (identity, quality, condition, presentation, etc)

  29. What has the World Bank been doing in this area? • Serious WB engagement began about 5 years back, with the launch of the Initiative to Mainstream Standards in Bank Operations http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/TRADE/0,,contentMDK:20629901~menuPK:222955~pagePK:148956~piPK:216618~theSitePK:239071,00.html

  30. What has the World Bank been doing in this area? • Serious WB engagement began about 5 years back, with the launch of the Initiative to Mainstream Standards in Bank Operations • This arose within the trade department (PREM), which was charged with trade capacity-building

  31. What has the World Bank been doing in this area? • Serious WB engagement began about 5 years back, with the launch of the Initiative to Mainstream Standards in Bank Operations • This arose within the trade department (PREM), which was charged with trade capacity-building • More recently the initiative has been mostly taken over by the agriculture and rural development department (ARD) and the Regions

  32. What has the World Bank been doing in this area? • Serious WB engagement began about 5 years back, with the launch of the Initiative to Mainstream Standards in Bank Operations • This arose within the trade department (PREM), which was charged with trade capacity-building • More recently the initiative has been mostly taken over by the agriculture and rural development department (ARD) and the Regions • IBRD/IDA provides about $170 million in annual loan and grant funding for agri-food standards http://web.worldbank.org/WBSITE/EXTERNAL/TOPICS/TRADE/0,,contentMDK:20629901~menuPK:222955~pagePK:148956~piPK:216618~theSitePK:239071,00.html

  33. IFC is also involved • IFC is also involved in environmental, health, safety, and social standards • IFC activities cut across sectors, but include agribusiness • Closely tied to what private sector calls CSR, or the “triple bottom line” of financial, social and environmental sustainability http://www.ifc.org/ifcext/enviro.nsf/Content/EnvSocStandards

  34. Bank involvement in mainstreaming standards takes various forms • Support for Global Public Partnerships (GPPs),e.g. STDF

  35. Bank involvement in mainstreaming standards takes various forms • Support for Global Public Partnerships (GPPs),e.g. STDF • Economic and Sector Work (ESW),e.g. “Food Safety and Agricultural Health Standards: Challenges and Opportunities for Developing Countries”

  36. Bank involvement in mainstreaming standards takes various forms • Support for Global Public Partnerships (GPPs),e.g. STDF • Economic and Sector Work (ESW),e.g. “Food Safety and Agricultural Health Standards: Challenges and Opportunities for Developing Countries” • Knowledge Products (KP),e.g. “Guide for Assessing and Responding to Needs for National Agrifood Laboratory Improvement” (late FY08)

  37. Bank involvement in mainstreaming standards takes various forms • Support for Global Public Partnerships (GPPs),e.g. STDF • Economic and Sector Work (ESW),e.g. “Food Safety and Agricultural Health Standards: Challenges and Opportunities for Developing Countries” • Knowledge Products (KP),e.g. “Guide for Assessing and Responding to Needs for National Agrifood Laboratory Improvement” (late FY08) • Analytical and Advisory Assistance (AAA),e.g. technical assistance to Malaysia’s MAFC and EPU

  38. Bank involvement in mainstreaming standards takes various forms • Support for Global Public Partnerships (GPPs),e.g. STDF • Economic and Sector Work (ESW),e.g. “Food Safety and Agricultural Health Standards: Challenges and Opportunities for Developing Countries” • Knowledge Products (KP),e.g. “Guide for Assessing and Responding to Needs for National Agrifood Laboratory Improvement” (late FY08) • Analytical and Advisory Assistance (AAA),e.g. technical assistance to Malaysia’s MAFC and EPU • Support for Public Private Partnerships (PPP), e.g. “Trade Standards Practitioners Network”

  39. Considerable research has been supported as well • Studies on specific challenges relating to standards in general and food/agricultural health in particular

  40. Considerable research has been supported as well • Studies on specific challenges relating to standards in general and food/agricultural health in particular • Cost of compliance

  41. Considerable research has been supported as well • Studies on specific challenges relating to standards in general and food/agricultural health in particular • Cost of compliance • Strategies for maintaining or restoring smallholder participation in profitable value/supply chains

  42. Considerable research has been supported as well • Studies on specific challenges relating to standards in general and food/agricultural health in particular • Cost of compliance • Strategies for maintaining or restoring smallholder participation in profitable value/supply chains • Best practices in assessing investment needs in national agri-food laboratory systems for food safety and for plant/animal health

  43. Considerable research has been supported as well • Studies on specific challenges relating to standards in general and food/agricultural health in particular • Cost of compliance • Strategies for maintaining or restoring smallholder participation in profitable value/supply chains • Best practices in assessing investment needs in national agri-food laboratory systems for food safety and for plant/animal health • Comparison of responses from different source countries to changes in EU aflatoxin tolerances

  44. Other types of research • Value-chain studies: groundnuts from Senegal; shrimp from Nicaragua; Nile perch from Kenya; shrimp, asparagus and edamame from Thailand

  45. Other types of research • Value-chain studies: groundnuts from Senegal; shrimp from Nicaragua; Nile perch from Kenya; shrimp, asparagus and edamame from Thailand • Subsector studies: fresh vegetables from Kenya;fisheries from Senegal; ethnic foods from Jamaica; horticultural products from India

  46. What about SPS Action Planning? • Country-level SPS assessments: • 5 countries (Zambia, Kenya, Niger, Uganda, Pakistan) • 1 region (Commonwealth of Independent States)

  47. What about SPS Action Planning? • Country-level SPS assessments: • 5 countries (Zambia, Kenya, Niger, Uganda, Pakistan) • 1 region (Commonwealth of Independent States) • Five SPS Country Action Plans to date • Vietnam • Laos • Armenia • Moldova • Tanzania

  48. What about SPS Action Planning? • Country-level SPS assessments: • 5 countries (Zambia, Kenya, Niger, Uganda, Pakistan) • 1 region (Commonwealth of Independent States) • Five SPS Country Action Plans to date • Vietnam • Laos • Armenia • Moldova • Tanzania • One Regional SPS Action Plan • CIS countries

  49. Typical content of an SPS Action Plan

  50. Lessons Learned • No one size fits all

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