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What is a Parasite?. The Random House Dictionary defines it as an organism that lives on or within a plant or animal of a different species, from which it obtains nutrients.. Parasites of Concern. Bunostomum phlebotomum (Cattle Hookworm)Causes itching of the leg and feet Irritate stomach and intestines Feed on blood in the intestinal wall Causes bloody, tar colored diarrhea.
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1. Efficacy of pour-on dewormers on weight gain and fecal egg count in Hawaiian stocker cattle Jonathon Beckett1, Tim Richards2, Craig Reinemeyer3
1Animal Science Department, Cal Poly State University, Kahua Ranch2, East Tennessee Clinical Research3
2. What is a Parasite? The Random House Dictionary defines it as an organism that lives on or within a plant or animal of a different species, from which it obtains nutrients.
3. Essentially we are trying to reduce the overall effects of parasites on our cattle - this is where much of our problem starts.Essentially we are trying to reduce the overall effects of parasites on our cattle - this is where much of our problem starts.
6. Parasites of Concern
7. Parasites of Concern
8. Clinical Parasitism Diarrhea
Anemia
Rough hair coat
Pot bellied appearance
Bottle jaw
Less common There are a number of warning signs to let us know animals are parasitized such as:There are a number of warning signs to let us know animals are parasitized such as:
9. Subclinical Parasitism Decreased milk production
Poor performance
More susceptible to disease
Infertility
Unthrifty Additional signs that are important but more difficult to see include: A University of Maine study demonstrated that infected calves showing no clinical signs of parasitism gained 23.2% less than non-infected animals.Additional signs that are important but more difficult to see include: A University of Maine study demonstrated that infected calves showing no clinical signs of parasitism gained 23.2% less than non-infected animals.
10. We Deworm Cattle For Only One Reason FOR THE MONEY
11. Parasitism Economics of Parasite Control
Calves
More efficient
Less susceptible to disease
Cows
Increased milk production
Better body condition
Better breeding efficiency
Less susceptible to disease Parasitism affects calves and cows differently. Ultimately the value of parasite control is measured by economics. We can focus on production parameters in cows and calves such as weight gain and disease resistance in calves and milking ability, body condition, breeding efficiency and disease resistance in cows.Parasitism affects calves and cows differently. Ultimately the value of parasite control is measured by economics. We can focus on production parameters in cows and calves such as weight gain and disease resistance in calves and milking ability, body condition, breeding efficiency and disease resistance in cows.
12. Benefits of Deworming Increased productivity
Increased efficiency
Better immune status
Increased breeding efficiency
Reduced pasture contamination There are a number of intangible gains received from deworming your cattle. All of which can be influential upon the profitability of your operation.There are a number of intangible gains received from deworming your cattle. All of which can be influential upon the profitability of your operation.
13. Importance of fecal egg counts? Most commonly used technique
Usefulness depends on its precision and accuracy
Requires knowledge of parasite biology in area, experience with levels that are indicative of economic impact in a given situation
14. EPGs (Eggs Per Gram) importance? An indicator, but only tell you that you have at least one female worm laying eggs
Can be used to determine potential parasite transmission levels in groups of animals, but not individual animals
Poor indicator of number of worms in an individual animal
Should not be used to measure production losses
15. Importance of Larval Cultures Very few parasitologist are able to differentiate between different genera of the parasite eggs
Nematodirus is only easy one
Larval cultures let eggs hatch then the worms are identified
16. Macrocyclic Lactones Avermectins
Ivermectin (Ivomec)
Doramectin (Dectomax)
Eprinomectin (Eprinex
Look alikes
Generic
Milbemycins
Moxidectin (Cydectin)
17. Macrocyclic Lactones These are the chemical structures of the current Pour-On products available. You can see that there is a difference between the moxidectin molecule and the other common avermectins. These differences allow moxidectin advantages in potency and persistency.
These are the chemical structures of the current Pour-On products available. You can see that there is a difference between the moxidectin molecule and the other common avermectins. These differences allow moxidectin advantages in potency and persistency.
18. Types of Administration Injectable
Advantage Easy to administer
Disadvantage Can create problems in the meat
Disadvantage Must be re-dosed every 60 days
Pour-On
Advantage Very quick to administer
Advantage Noninvasive administration
Disadvantage Must be re-dosed every 60 days Drench
Advantage Very quick to administer (not as quick as Pour-On)
Disadvantage Must be re-dosed every 60 days
Disadvantage Cow can spit out most of the product
Bolus
Advantage Dosed only once in the cows life
Disadvantage Much longer administration time
Disadvantage Administration requires training
19. Just Some More Facts Worms die after 5-8 wks in adult stage
Some products kill most of the worms present in the digestive tract at time of treatment
Some control only external parasites
Some control both internal & external
A few also kill the inhibited stages
A few offer persistence of several weeks
20. Hypothesis The effective drug in pour-on dewormers will affect growth and parasite infection throughout the grazing season in stocker cattle.
21. Protocol
22. Average Daily GainDay 0-105
23. Average Body WeightDay 105
25. Fecal Egg Counts
26. Carcass Weights
27. Yield Grade
28. Backfat
29. Ribeye Area
30. Marbling Score
31. Yield Grade 1 & 2s
32. What does this mean? It is important to deworm
Eprinex and Cydectin equally resulted in maximal growth
Ivomec is the weakest against internal parasites
Without adequate forage, no dewormer is fully effective
33. What does this mean? Effect of dewormer during stocker phase is not significant at slaughter but effects are visible
Take advantage of cheap gain during stocker phase rather than pay more for the gain in the feedyard
34. What does this mean? Other factors must be considered when selecting a dewormer
Cost
Persistency of Protection
Ease of Administration
Rain Fastness
Flame Resistance
Customer Service
35. Acknowledgements Kahua Ranch Thank you for allowing Cal Poly to conduct the trial on their cattle
Bruneau Cattle Company Accommodating the feedlot phase
2001 Swanton Pacific Stocker Enterprise group for participating in the data collection and organization of the trial
Brian Wetzel Cal Poly Alumni for initiating this line of research as his senior project