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Sound

Sound. Sound is created by vibrations. As sound moves through air it vibrates the air particles. This is a longitudinal wave. All sound waves require a medium to travel through. How do you detect sound??. Your ears change sound waves into electrical signals that allow you to hear.

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Sound

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  1. Sound

  2. Sound is created by vibrations. As sound moves through air it vibrates the air particles. This is a longitudinal wave. • All sound waves require a medium to travel through.

  3. How do you detect sound?? • Your ears change sound waves into electrical signals that allow you to hear.

  4. The outer ear collects the waves, then the vibrations move to the middle ear. Here very small organs increase the size of the vibrations. Organs in your inner ear change the sound waves to electrical signals to send to the brain.

  5. If a tree falls in the forest and nobody is around does it make a sound?? YES!! • When a tree falls it hits the ground and the tree vibrates, creating waves in the air and creating sound.

  6. Properties of Sound 1. Speed of Sound • The speed of sound can change depending on the medium the sound is traveling through. Sound travels fast through air, even faster through liquid, and fastest through solid. • Temperature can also affect sound. The higher the temperature of the medium, the faster the sound travels. This is a direct relationship.

  7. Speed of Sound in Different Media

  8. 2. Pitch and Frequency • Pitch is how low or high the sound seems. The higher the frequency, the higher the pitch. This is a direct relationship. • Different types of animals hear at different frequencies. • A dog hears 67Hz to 45,000 Hz • A human hears 20Hz to 20,000 Hz

  9. Frequencies Heard by Different Animals

  10. Decibel Levels of Common Sounds

  11. Doppler Effect: The change in sound due to the object or the listener moving. • Example: when an ambulance passes by with its siren on

  12. The Doppler Effect

  13. 3. Loudness and Amplitude • Loudness is a measure of how well the sound can be heard. • As you hit something harder or increase sound with an amplifier you are causing the amplitude of the wave to increase. This increases the energy and makes the sound louder. • Loudness is measured in decibels.

  14. Interactions of Sound Waves Reflection is the bouncing back of waves after it hits a barrier. This is called an echo. • Some animals use sound waves to find food or find objects in their path. • Echolocation: Sound waves that animals release that bounce off objects. By measuring the time it takes for the wave to bounce off the object and return the animal knows where the object is. • Used by dolphins, bats, and birds

  15. Echolocation

  16. Humans also use waves to find objects. Sonar: Sound waves help navigators on ships find icebergs or fish. Oceanographers use sonar to map the ocean floor. Ultrasonography: Uses sound waves to bounce off objects in a person’s body to “see” inside the body.

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