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Comprehensive Guide to Peach and Nectarine Cultivation: Tree Growth and Management

This chapter delves into the growth characteristics and cultivation practices of peach and nectarine trees. These trees can grow up to 15 feet tall and 20 feet wide, remaining productive for 15 to 20 years. It highlights key factors affecting yield, with processing peaches yielding 18 tons per acre and fresh-market peaches 10 tons per acre. The guide covers site selection, rootstock selection, orchard layout, and management practices including irrigation, fertilization, pest control, and weed management. Insights into tree diseases and their treatments ensure optimal growth and productivity.

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Comprehensive Guide to Peach and Nectarine Cultivation: Tree Growth and Management

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  1. Peaches and Nectarines Chapter 18

  2. Tree Growth and limiting factors • 15 feet tall. • 20 feet wide • Can remain productive for 15 to 20 years, but usually die earlier. • Flowers are on hangers that are 1 yr old • Yields • Processing = 18 ton/acre • Fresh market = 10 ton/acre

  3. Stone Fruit = have a stony pit • Yellow • White • Freestone • Cling • Semi-freestone • 45% are sold fresh market • 55% are sold as processed

  4. 75% of processed peaches are canned • 15% are frozen • 2% are dried • 8% are made into baby food, wine, brandy or pickled. • Processing peaches have a non-melting flesh. (flesh that remains firm when ripe) • Prop sticks for processing peaches

  5. Nectarines Peach White = 16 to 17% Yellow = 12 to 14% Yellow peaches = 82% of total production White peaches = 1% of total production 77% of US Production comes from California Originated in China • No fuzz • Make up 17% of total production

  6. Site Selection

  7. Selecting Rootstocks • Page 347

  8. Choosing Cultivars • Page 348

  9. Orchard Layout • See page 361 Medium-low density, open centered Medium-high density, quad V system High-density, V-hedgerow system High-density, V-trellis system

  10. Pruning and training

  11. Orchard Floor management, Irrigation & Fertilizers • Floor • Winter cover crop • Cultivate 4 to 5 times in summer • Irrigation • Flood • Micro sprinklers • Drip • Fertilizer

  12. Cultural practices • December • Peach leaf Curl KocideDf 10 pounds per acre Super 90 Oil 2 gals per acre or Nu Film P 6 fl oz per acre • Weed control Preemergent Program Gramoxone Max 2 pt per acre Goal 2XL 2 pt per acre Solicam DF 2.5 lb per acre Princep 4L 3 pts per acre Activator 90 1 pt per 100

  13. January • Dormant Spray Program (Optional) Asana 8 fl oz per acre Kocide 2000 6 lb per acre Super 90 Oil 5 gal per acre • Peach leaf Curl Kocide DF 10 pounds per acre Super 90 Oil 2 gals per acre or Nu Film P 6 fl oz per acre • Fertilizer CAN-17 40 lbs N 19 gallons per acre

  14. February • Blossom Treatment (mid February) Orbit 4 oz per acre Kocide 2000 1.5 lb per acre RNA SI 100 1.5 fl oz per 100

  15. March • Full Bloom / Thrips Vangard 5 oz per acre Success 6 fl oz per acre RNA SI 100 1.5 fl oz per 100 • Petal fall fungicide/ Insecticide Bravo 4 pts per acre Success 1 pt per acre (if dormant Spray is omitted) • Fertilizer 20-20-20 (Foliar) 10 lb per acre

  16. March Cont. • Gophers Phostoxin 1-2 tblts per hole • Phermone dispensers • Checkmate SF 150 disp per acre

  17. April • Powdery Mildew Rally 4 oz per acre RNA SI 100 1.5 fl oz per 100

  18. June • Phermone dispensers Checkmate SF 150 disp per acre • Notes: • 1) Excessive Nitrogen is not good for fresh fruit • 2) Spot treatment for some weeds may require additional treatments • 3) Gopher Program may require continuous monitoring and treatment

  19. Insects Peachtree borer

  20. Peach twig borer

  21. Oriental Fruit Moth

  22. San Jose Scale Shothole borer

  23. Green stink bug Consperse stink bug

  24. Omnivorous leafroller adult Omnivorous leafroller larva

  25. katydid

  26. Crown Gall

  27. Phytophthora

  28. Peach leaf curl

  29. Bacterial Blast Bacterial Canker

  30. Virticillum Wilt Scab

  31. Weeds

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