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Introduction to Sachar Committe and Mandal Commission

Compilation of earlier documents

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Introduction to Sachar Committe and Mandal Commission

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  1. Introduction to Representative Democracy • Framing constitutions • Change in governance pattern from hereditary & elite to People & citizen • Tensions between Religious values versus State Model(rule of law, competency & enlightened values) • Voting Rights – Rights of Man • Transformation from colonial regime to independent governance

  2. Debate on Muslim representation in Parliament • The separate electorate formula introduced for Muslims in the Government of India Act, 1909 ( MintoMorely Reforms) • Later it expanded to other minorities (Sikh & Christians) in the Government of India Act, 1919. • The reservations been awarded for depressed Class People – inGovernment of India Act, 1935.

  3. Mandal Agitation

  4. Historical context of Mandal Commission Report • After India achieved independence, affirmative action started for the “Depressed Classes” or the Scheduled Castes and Tribes providing benefits to the most backward and socially ostracised of India’s communities. It had not been extended to intermediate caste. • To address this issue, the country’s first Backward Classes Commission was set up headed by Kaka Kalelkar in 1953. • In 1955, the commission submitted its report which stated that there were 2399 backward groups in India out of which 837 were ‘most backward’ and the major evidence of backwardness cited was caste. Later government rejected his recommendations.

  5. Brief Review of Mandal Commission Report • The Socially and Educationally Backward Classes Commission (SEBC), often known as the Mandal Commission, was established on January 1st, 1979. • B P Mandal, an MP, was appointed as the Commission’s chairman. On December 31, 1980, the Commission submitted its report to the President. • On August 7, 1990, the country’s then-prime minister, V.P. Singh, made a significant decision that changed Indian politics and the way social justice was upheld. • The prior government decided to adopt the Mandal Commission’s recommendations and establish reservations for members of Other Backward Classes (OBCs) in government jobs. ( IndraSawhney v/s Union of India case in the year 1992- Court Upheld the 27% reservation for OBC)

  6. Mandal Criteria’s to identify Social Backwardness • Social Category • Castes or classes considered socially backward by others. • Castes or classes that relied on manual labour for their liveliood. • In cases such as rural areas where at least 25% of women and 10% of men above the state average are married below the age of 17. Whereas, in urban areas, in those cases where 10% of women and 5% of men married below the age of 17 is above the state average. • Castes where female employment is at least 25% higher than the state average.

  7. II. Educational Category • Castes in which the children in the age group 5-15 have never been to school is 25% higher than the state average. • If the drop-out (one who quits the school in the middle without passing) rate in the age group 5-15 years is at least 25% above the state average. • Castes where registration of matriculates is at least 25% lower than the state average.

  8. III. Economic Category •  Where the average value of family assets is at least 25% lower than the average value of the state. • The castes in which the number of families living in kaccha houses is 25% above the state average. Kaccha houses refer to thatched houses or those made up of mud/clay. • Castes where more than 50% of the households have a water source for drinking beyond half a kilometre. It refers to those families who travel more than half a kilometre for collecting drinking water. • The castes in which the families taking household consumption loans are 25% above the state average.

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