Module 4: Railway Equipment

1. Module 4: Railway Equipment

2. Objectives • Recognize various types of rolling stock • Learn about major vehicle systems

3. Rolling Stock • Locomotives • Rail Cars • Passenger Coaches • Freight Cars • Self-Propelled Rail Cars • Mainline • Rapid Transit/Light Rail • Rail Maintenance Equipment (Module 10)

4. Rolling Stock: LocomotivesIntroduction • Used to haul freight, passenger cars, or other rail equipment • Heavy equipment used to haul large loads • A number of standard designs exist to handle wide variety of tasks (freight, high speed, yard switching)

5. Rolling Stock: LocomotivesBasic Types • Diesel Electric • DC • AC • Hybrids • Electric • Single System • Multi-System • Other • Diesel Mechanical • Diesel Hydraulic • Electro-Diesel

6. Rolling Stock: Rail CarsPassenger Coaches – Introduction Pulled/pushed by locomotives Vary in capacity according to application Low system complexity A number of standard designs available for different applications

7. Rolling Stock: Rail CarsPassenger Coaches – Basic Types Types Single Level Double Deck Gallery Custom Service Application Commuter Rail Intercity High Speed Cab Car

8. Rolling Stock: Rail CarsFreight Cars – Introduction Pulled by locomotives Vary in capacity according to application Typically only equipped with friction brake equipment A number of standard designs available for different applications BOX CAR AUTO RACK CAR

9. Rolling Stock: Rail CarsFreight Cars –Basic Types Box Car Tank Car Hopper Flatbed Gondola Intermodal Specialized (livestock, car carrier, refrigerated, etc.) HOPPER CAR DOUBLE STACK CONTAINER CAR

10. Rolling Stock: Self-Propelled Rail CarsMainline – Introduction • Each rail car is fitted with its own propulsion system (Diesel or Electric) • Good performance characteristics (acceleration/deceleration/economy) • Moderate to high systems complexity • Variety of types exist (low speed/short haul to high speed/long haul, single/double deck)

11. Rolling Stock: Self Propelled Rail CarsMainline – Basic Types • Passenger EMU • Catenary • Third Rail • Single/Multi System • Passenger DMU • Diesel Mechanical • Diesel Hydraulic • Diesel Electric • Hybrid Designs

12. Rolling Stock: Self Propelled Rail CarsRapid Transit/Light Rail – Introduction • Used in urban transit applications (subway, streetcar, metro) on dedicated right of way • Lightweight design that is not FRA compliant • Moderate to high systems complexity • Mostly custom built to fit specific performance/ infrastructure requirements

13. Rolling Stock: Self Propelled Rail CarsRapid Transit/Light Rail – Basic Types • Rapid Transit/Heavy Rail • Catenary • Third Rail • Light Rail/Street Car • Hybrid Designs

14. Vehicle Systems • Carshell/Underframe • Trucks • Friction Brakes • Couplers/Drawbars • Propulsion • Sanding System • Other (Passenger Rail)

15. Vehicle Systems: Carshell / UnderframeIntroduction • Structural backbone of railcars/ locomotives • Different design approaches used, based on application • Design driven by load capacity and safety requirements

16. Vehicle Systems: Carshell/UnderframeUnderframe Construction Freight and Passenger Rail Coach Light Rail/Rapid Transit

17. Vehicle Systems: Carshell/UnderframeCarshell Construction Welded Steel Beam Unibody / Extruded Aluminum

18. Vehicle Systems: Trucks (Bogies)Introduction • Interface between rail and vehicle • Different designs types exist, based on application • Design driven by load capacity and speed requirements • Two main categories are standard trucks and powered trucks

19. Vehicle Systems: Trucks& Truck Components Locomotive / Powered Rail Car Truck Freight / Passenger Coach Rail Car Truck

20. Vehicle Systems: TrucksWheels

21. Vehicle Systems: TrucksWheel/Rail Interface • Wheel/rail interface is an important parameter for ensuring good vehicle performance • Improper matching of wheel and track profiles can cause maintenance and safety issues

22. Vehicle Systems: TrucksWheel/Rail Interface • For freight rail in North America, wheel profiles are defined by the AAR. • For transit and light rail, vehicle wheels profile and other parameters must be selected to match the track • Proper definition of wear limits and track parameter tolerances are critical

23. Vehicle Systems: Friction BrakesIntroduction • All types of rail cars are equipped with friction brakes • Main categories are tread and disc brakes • Typically applied by air. Hydraulic, spring, and electric applied brakes are also used. • Control methods include Air, E-P, and ECP

24. Vehicle Systems: Friction BrakesBrake Control Air Brake Control

25. Vehicle Systems: Coupler / DrawbarIntroduction • Used to join cars together to form a train • Designs very greatly based on load and performance requirements • Detachable or semi-permanent types are used, depending on requirements STANDARD COUPLER USED BY FREIGHT RR IN NORTH AMERICA

26. Vehicle Systems: PropulsionIntroduction • Used in locomotives and self-propelled rail cars • System consists of motors and controls • Propulsion used to accelerate and decelerate rail cars • Main types include diesel, diesel-electric, and electric

27. Vehicle Systems: PropulsionDiesel/Electric • In a locomotive, or any other type of diesel electric system, the diesel engine turns a generator, which creates electricity • The electricity is delivered to electric motors that power each axle • Variants include AC, DC, and Hybrid

28. Vehicle Systems: Sanding SystemIntroduction • Used in locomotives and self-propelled rail cars • System consists of sand boxes and nozzles at the lead end wheels • The system pours sand at the wheel/rail interface when required to increase traction for acceleration and braking

29. Vehicle Systems: OtherIntroduction • Passenger rail cars are equipped with a number of systems geared towards passenger comfort and safety • Systems include: • Doors • HVAC • Communications • Auxiliary Power • Train Control

30. Questions?