Power

1. The Power of Fluorescence by Dr. Martin H. Otz, ERM & Nano Trace TechnologiesTM 5788 Widewaters Parkway, Dewitt, NY 13214, USA, +1-315-454-7930 Slide 1

2. I love my job – I dye for it! • In the fluorescence tracing business for 26 years • Dye-tracing experience in Europe, Africa, Asia, Australia, North and South America • Design and implementation of the dye-tracing for the longest railway tunnel on Earth (AlpTransit in Switzerland from 1993-1998) and other similar large scale FDTs • Developed the background fluorescence analysis (BFA) in 1999 and is using it since • Expertise in fluorescent dye-tracing (FDT) in contaminated aquifers since 1999 • Delivered more than 100 technical presentations on fluorescence tracing techniques worldwide Slide 2

3. How well do you understand the effective GW flow at your site??? Slide 3

4. What if…!!! Slide 4

5. Why I am still here or back again! • Most dye-tracing tests show that ground water does not move as determined by conventional hydrogeological investigations. Due to preferential flow paths GW moves also orders of magnitude faster than previously thought • High Resolution Site Investigation Tool using Fluorescence Tracing (with or without adding a tracer) • Background Fluorescence Analysis (BFA) and/or Fluorescent Dye-Tracing (FDT) • Multiple lines of evidence • You need a solid base to achieve a lasting solution! Slide 5

6. It follows the LEGO® principle Slide 6

7. Background Fluorescence Analysis (BFA) – BFA 101 BFA Tracing Technique developed by MH Otz 1999-present Slide 7

8. Fluorescence Fingerprinting • A synchroscan is the sum of all fluorescent organic compounds in a water (or separate phase) sample • Every liquid containing organic compounds has a characteristic unique fluorescence fingerprint • Fluorescence fingerprints can be compared with each other • Every site has a different background fluorescence ( BFA) • BFA quickly delineates affected areas with different COCs and reveals hydraulic connections between monitoring wells in organic-rich hydrogeologic systems • All it needs is a 40 mLunpreserved/unfiltered water sample • NO tracers needed Slide 8

9. Background Fluorescence Analysis – Technology Overview • Background fluorescence analysis (BFA) uses the intrinsic fluorescence properties of the dissolved organic carbon (DOC) content of a water sample. It can be used as a fingerprinting tool. Source: Otz, M.H., 2005, Using spectro-fluorometry and fluorescent dye-tracing to investigate hydrologic processes in organic-rich environments: [Ph.D. thesis], Syracuse, NY, USA, Syracuse University, 605 p. Slide 9

10. Intrinsic Fluorescence of Pure Product (LNAPL) Source: Otz, M.H., Sents, R.C., Fox, J.S., Myers, D.W., and Wells, J., 2008, Effective delineation of jet-fuel contaminated ground water using background fluorescence analysis (BFA), in Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Remediation of Chlorinated and Recalcitrant Compounds, Battelle, Monterey, CA Slide 10

11. The forensic science part… Slide 11

12. The Matrix – Fluorescence Fingerprint Comparisons Reveal Hydraulic Connections Slide 12

13. Impact map, Preferential Ground Water Flow Paths, Estimate Flow Directions Slide 13

14. Bottom line message to client Slide 14

15. BFA– What do the result mean? • Clear preferential ground water flow paths emerge between different contaminant hot-spots • Some of the preferential ground water flow significantly deviates from the determined flow direction • The BFA shows where the hydraulic barriers are failing/should be • According to the BFA natural attenuation processes are already occurring at the site • The BFA was used to optimize the fluorescent dye-tracing (FDT) test (dye amounts, dye placement, and detection limits) • The dyes will most likely follow the outlined preferential flow paths – FDT false negatives are captured with the BFA Slide 15

16. Some BFA case studies Slide 16

17. Comingled plumes separation • How do you separate multiple plumes where the same chemicals of concern where spilled? Slide 17

18. Identify the leaking gear producing machine. All use the same cutting oil! Dissolved phase Slide 18

20. Old river channels, pre-industrial drainage pattern Slide 20

21. Fluorescent Dye-Tracing (FDT) in organic-rich environments – FDT 101 Slide 21

22. Purpose of a quantitative FDT FDT can answer some important basic questions: • What is/are the direction(s) of ground water flow? • How fast does the ground water travel? • Is there a hydraulic connection between the injection point and the sample location? • How are dissolved substances transported and dispersed? Slide 22

23. FDT Technology – How it works Slide 23

24. Some FDT case studies Slide 24

25. Reality Check for Existing Remed. Systems Slide 25

26. Most don’t work properly! Slide 26

27. Risk Assessment – The Safe Approach • BFA and FDT can significantly increase the accuracy of an ISCO/ISCR/bioremediation application in terms of target areas and lower application amounts,lowering the carbon footprint of the remedial approach thus reducing overall projects costs • The applied fluorescence techniques remove the uncertainties of the GW flow paths • A dye test enables evaluation of of effective seepage velocities and provide additive distribution Slide 27

28. Risk assessment – Prevent impact to sensitive receptors Slide 28

29. Fluorescent Dye-Tracing for the Longest Railway Tunnel on Earth Slide 29 Source: Otz et al., 2003

30. Results from the FDT for the longest railway tunnel on this planet • dye traveled 16 km(10 miles) in42 days Slide 30 Source: Otz et al., 2003

31. Cross-Section West to East Source: Otz et al., 2003 Slide 31

32. Dr. Martin H. Otz+1-315-454-7930martin.otz@erm.comQuestions? Slide 32