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Understanding Elements in the Periodic Table

Explore the characteristics of metals, nonmetals, and semiconductors in the periodic table, including families like alkali metals and noble gases. Learn about their properties and importance in chemistry.

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Understanding Elements in the Periodic Table

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  1. Families of Elements

  2. Three Groups of Elements • Metals • Nonmetals • Semiconductors or Metalloids

  3. Metals • They are shiny solids that can be stretched and shaped. • They are good conductors of heat and electricity.

  4. Nonmetals • May be solid, liquids or gases. • If a solid nonmetal they are typical dull, brittle and poor conductors of heat and electricity.

  5. Semiconductors • Non-metals that can conduct under certain conditions. • Display properties of metals and non-metals.

  6. Concept Check • Which is it? • Oxygen • Sodium • Silicon • Radon

  7. Families within the Periodic Table • Alkali Metals • Alkaline Earth Metals • Halogens • Noble Gases

  8. Alkali Metals • Reactive • Most of them are shiny • Very reactive because it has one valence electron. • They want to have full octet.

  9. Alkaline-earth Metals • Less reactive than Alkali metals but can still be very reactive. • Reactive to form +2 ions. • A lot of them are found in the human body.

  10. Radon • Uranium can degrade into Radon. • Radon having similar properties as Calcium can replace it in bones. • This caused major issues after Chernobyl

  11. Halogens • Very reactive. • They have 7 valence electrons and only need one for a full octet.

  12. Chlorine • Highly reactive Halogen • Common Uses of Chlorine • Purification of Water • Bleach/Disinfectants • PVC

  13. Noble Gases • They are inert or unreactive. • Exist as single elements because they have a full octet and don’t need to combine to get or lose electrons.

  14. Argon • The Noble Gases are often used to make lasers and signs. • Bright Vibrant Colors produced

  15. Other Groups • Transition Metals • Metals within the 3 to 12 groups • Include metals such as gold and silver

  16. Review • We are focusing on the transition metals • We need to know how to figure out the number of valence electrons and energy levels of a given atom • The four families • Alkali Metals, Alkaline Earth Metals, Halogens and Noble Gases.

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