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Understanding World Population Dynamics: Growth Rates, Limiting Factors & Future Trends

Explore the world population's geographic distribution, density, growth rates, and important characteristics. Understand factors such as birth rates, death rates, and immigration. Learn about limiting factors, exponential growth, logistic growth, carrying capacity, and density-dependent factors affecting populations. Discover the impact of human activities on population growth and future trends in demography. Find out how resources and population size interact.

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Understanding World Population Dynamics: Growth Rates, Limiting Factors & Future Trends

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  1. Chapter 5- Populations

  2. How many people are in the world? • 6.7 Billion

  3. Population Density of the World

  4. World Population over Time

  5. Important Characteristics • Geographic distribution • Density • Growth Rate

  6. Important Characteristics • Geographic distribution- area that is inhabited • Density • Growth Rate

  7. Important Characteristics • Geographic distribution • Density- number of individuals per unit area • Growth Rate

  8. Important Characteristics • Geographic distribution • Density- number of individuals per unit area • Growth Rate

  9. Important Characteristics • Geographic distribution • Density • Growth Rate- how fast the population grows

  10. Growth Rates Population size is determined by • Number of births • Number of deaths • Number of individuals that enter or leave the population

  11. Growth Rates • Birth rate- how many are born • Baby Boom • Death rate- how many die • Black Plague

  12. Growth Rates Birth Rate Death Rate Overall Rate

  13. Growth Rates • Immigration- movement into area • Emigration- movement out of area • What causes people to immigrate or emigrate? • What causes bears to immigrate or emigrate?

  14. Growth rates? • Where are the high birth rates in the world? • Where are the high death rates in the world? • Many developed nations have a negative growth rate. Why?

  15. What limits a population’s growth? -ability to reproduce quickly -nutrients -space -water

  16. Growth limiting factors Bacteria- divide every 20 minutes one day- 4,720,000,000,000,000,000,000 What is the reproduction rate for a mouse? What is the reproduction rate for a human?

  17. Exponential Growth When a population reproduces at a constant rate. This occurs only under ideal conditions with unlimited resources.

  18. Logistic growth Logistic growth- occurs when a population’s growth slows or stops after exponential growth Why does a population stop growing exponentially? • Birth rate decreases • Death rate increases • Immigration decreases • Emigration increases

  19. Carrying capacity Carrying capacity- The largest number of individuals that an environment can support

  20. Limits to growth Limiting factor- a factor that causes population growth to decrease Competition Predation Parasitism and disease Human disturbances Drought and other climate extremes

  21. Density-dependent limiting factor • Density-dependent limiting factor- depends on the population size • Competition- food, water, space, sunlight • Same species • Different species • Competitive exclusion principle • No two species can occupy the same niche in the same habitat at the same time

  22. Density-dependent limiting factor • Predation predator-prey relationship Parasitism and Disease

  23. Density-Independent Factors Density-Independent Factors- affect all populations, regardless of size Unusual weather Natural disasters Seasonal cycles Human activities- damming rivers and clear-cutting forests

  24. Human Population Growth Demography- the scientific study of human populations Demographic transition- a dramatic change in birth and death rates

  25. Demographic transition • 1. Birth rates stay same, Death rates decline • 2. Birth rates decline, death rates stay low Birth Rate Death Rate Overall Rate Birth Rate Death Rate Overall Rate

  26. Age Structure • Age-Structure Diagram- graph of the numbers of people in different age groups

  27. Future Population Growth • How many people can the world support? • What are the things that people need to live? • -food • -water • -housing • -jobs

  28. Future Population Growth Resources vs. Population

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