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A New Rome

A New Rome. Section 10-1. THE EARLY BYZANTINE EMPIRE. Byzantine Foundations. Constantine moved the capital of the Roman Empire to Byzantium in 330 AD  renamed Constantinople.

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A New Rome

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  1. A New Rome Section 10-1

  2. THE EARLY BYZANTINE EMPIRE

  3. Byzantine Foundations • Constantine moved the capital of the Roman Empire to Byzantium in 330 AD renamed Constantinople. • Located where Europe and Asia meet important for defense and trade; water on three sides and all trade from China came through the city. • The Byzantine Empire was a cultural blend between Rome and Greece Greek became the language of scholars and Church instead of Latin; embraced Greek Christianity (Eastern Orthodox) instead of Latin Christianity (Roman Catholic).

  4. Justinian and Theodora • Justinian ruled the empire at it’s height, 527-565 AD; Theodora was his wife and empress. • Theodora was considered a low class citizen when he married her; she was interested in raising the status of women. • Theodora was important to Justinian’s keeping power; she persuaded him to stay in power when a rebellion threatened his power in 532; his armies crushed the rebellion and Justinian remained in power unchallenged until his death in 565 AD.

  5. Military Campaigns • Stopped a threat from the Persians; Justinian paid a tribute (fee) in return for peace on the eastern border. • Tried to restore the full Roman Empire; conquered Italy, Northern Africa and Spain between 533 and 555 AD; success was short lived. Laws and Art • Created a law code (Justinian’s Code) that preserved Roman law and became the basis for many western legal systems. • Built the Haiga Sophia (Church of the Holy Wisdom) in Constantinople; built many buildings, roads, aqueducts.

  6. Haiga Sophia Church

  7. Interior of Haiga Sophia

  8. Byzantine Religion • The Eastern Orthodox Church grew a tradition very different from that of the Roman Catholic Church. • The emperor was the head of the church, with the patriarch of Constantinople being 2nd in command.

  9. Controversies • Iconoclasm • Dispute over the use of icons (religious images) in the 700’s some argued that the Bible prohibited the use of images, others argued that icons were symbols of God’s presence in people’s lives. • In 726, emperor Leo III ordered all icons destroyed; many objected and were supported by the Pope this strained relations between the RCC and EOC. • A church council was held in 787 that approved the use of icons; Empress Irene supported this. • In 843, the issue was settled further; pictures were allowed, statues were not.

  10. Conflict with Rome • The pope in Rome and the patriarch of Constantinople both asserted that he was the head of the church. • In 800 AD, the pope crowned the Frankish leader Charlemagne “Holy Roman Emperor” this angered the Byzantine Emperor because he was the only one who supposedly had that power. • Doctrinal, political and geographical differences led to a split between the two churches in 1054. The spilt weakened the empire, because of lack of support from the west.

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