Earth Science

1. Earth Science 2nd 9 week review

2. The Hubble Space Telescope images are of better quality than those taken by ground-based telescopes because space telescope images aren’t influenced by atmospheric turbulence.

3. Nebula is another name for a cloud of dust and gas in space, which is known as the “birthplace” of stars.

4. The core is the part of the sun in which nuclear reactions occur that produce the sun’s energy. Layers of the sun: Core-the center Photosphere-layer of sun from which light is given off Chromosphere-layer that extends above the photosphere. Corona-largest layer of the Sun’s atmosphere

5. Because of the unique position of the Earth in the solar system, life has flourished due to the presence of liquid water. Earth is the third planet from the sun. Seasons are caused primarily by the tilt of the Earth’s axis.

6. A large group of stars with their solar system is called a galaxy. Earth and the solar system are in a galaxy called the Milky Way. Our galaxy is a spiral galaxy. There are 3 different shapes of galaxies: spiral, elliptical, and irregular.

7. A mineral is classified as an ore as long as it is profitable and useful. Iron used in everything from frying pans to ships, is obtained from its ore, hematite. The sun’s energy is the result of the fusion of hydrogen atoms. Produces energy by fusing hydrogen into helium.

8. As star color changes from blue to red, the surface temperature of the star decreases. Blue stars are hot. Minerals are composed of one or more chemical elements.

9. Comets tail is made up of melting particles from the comet and it is being blown away by the solar wind. Comet is made of ice and dirt. Hydrogen is burned when solar systems are formed and water is a by product of burning hydrogen. Its cold in space so water freezes.

10. Comet’s tail points away from the sun because the solar wind blows the tail away from the sun. What property would a mineral have if it appears like a new quarter when reflecting light? Metallic Luster Mercury, Mars, and Venus are three fairly small planets, have high density, and rocky composition. The Rocky Planets: Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars

11. A person observes that a bright object streaks across the nighttime sky in a few seconds. What is this object most likely to be? Meteor The first manned spaceship to land on the Moon was- Apollo 11 What is a light year? The distance light travels in one year The only reusable manned space vehicle has been the Space Shuttle.

12. A belt of asteroids is located an average distance of 503 million kilometers from the sun. Between Which two planets is this belt located? Mars and Jupiter The last stage in a low mass star is a black dwarf. Cyanite (Al2Si03), quartz (Si02), and leucite (KAISi206) may be grouped together because they all contain silicon.

13. Parallax allows you to measure the distance to nearby stars. Parallax is the apparent shift in the position of an object when viewed from 2 different positions. Which planet has a fierce hurricane-like storm that is several times the size of Earth? Jupiter and the storm is called the Great Red Spot An unglazed porcelain tile is used for a mineral streak test.

14. Which of these planets travels around the sun in less time than it takes earth to complete one revolution? Uranus Mercury Saturn Mars Answer Mercury

15. The main determinant of how a star dies is the initial mass of the star. Lunar eclipse- during a total lunar eclipse, Earth’s shadow blocks light coming from the sun. Total Solar Eclipse- the shadow of the moon falls on a small portion of Earth’s surface, the moon completely blocks the sun. REMEMBER the word SMILE During a solar Eclipse the moon is in the middle and during a Lunar eclipse the earth is in the middle.

16. The universe started with a big bang and has been expanding ever since. The statement that best supports the concept of the big bang theory is…… The galaxies are moving away from each other. Absolute magnitude allows scientists to compare the brightness of stars. Absolute magnitude is a measure of the amount of light it gives off.

17. The streak test is used to identify minerals involves studying the color of the powdered form of the mineral. Halite is a mineral commonly used as table salt. Cleavage-minerals break along smooth, flat surfaces Fracture-minerals that break with uneven, rough, or jagged surfaces. A mineral’s crystal shape and cleavage are a direct result of the mineral’s arrangement of atoms.

18. One of the softest minerals is talc (powder). A naturally occurring, inorganic solid substance with a definite chemical composition and structure is called a mineral. The mineral Pyrite is also known as “fool’s gold”. The diagram that relates absolute magnitude of a Star to its temperature is called the H/R diagram. Stars appear to change position during the night because earth rotates on its axis.

19. The actual orbits of the planets are elliptical, with the sun off-center within the orbit. The planets known as “gas giants” include Jupiter, Uranus, Neptune, and Saturn. In the Universe we have the Milky Way Galaxy. In the Milky Way we have the solar system. In the solar system we have the sun.