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Outline: Lecture 7

Outline: Lecture 7. Global Energy Dynamics Global Warming Energy Resource Use The Future?. Global Energy Flow and Climate Incident sunlight energy (solar constant) Fate of incoming energy Reflection Scattering Absorption and reemission. Pattern of energy flow and reemission

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Outline: Lecture 7

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  1. Outline: Lecture 7 Global Energy Dynamics Global Warming Energy Resource Use The Future?

  2. Global Energy Flow and Climate Incident sunlight energy (solar constant) Fate of incoming energy Reflection Scattering Absorption and reemission

  3. Pattern of energy flow and reemission Reemission energy is infrared (heat) Clouds (particulate matter) reflect light Ultraviolet light absorbed by stratospheric ozone gas O3

  4. Greenhouse Effect Greenhouse gases absorb and reemit heat Natural phenomenon not caused by humans

  5. Greenhouse Gases Carbon dioxide Water vapor Ozone Methane Nitrogen oxides CFCs HFC PFC SF6

  6. Changes in either atmospheric particulate (cloud cover) or greenhouse gases influences atmospheric temperature on a global scale Trace gases are most readily changed by human intervention

  7. Atmospheric Composition

  8. Intensification of the Greenhouse Effect would cause Greenhouse Warming Carbon Dioxide concentrations are increasing and have been since 1800

  9. Sources of Carbon Dioxide Fossil Fuel combustion Biomass combustion Deforestation Volcanoes

  10. Anthropogenic Greenhouse Gas Emissions, USA 2001 Million metric tons carbon equivalents

  11. Greenhouse Gas Concentrations (2008) Carbon dioxide (386,000 ppb) Water vapor Ozone Methane (1774 ppb) Nitrogen oxides (319 ppb) CFCs (0.789 ppb) HFC (0.169 ppb) PFC SF6

  12. Greenhouse Gases Carbon dioxide Water vapor Ozone Methane (23 x CO2 GWP) Nitrogen oxides (296 x CO2 GWP) CFCs (4600-14000 x CO2 GWP) HFC (120-12000 x CO2 GWP) PFC (5700-12000 x CO2 GWP) SF6 (22000 x CO2 GWP)

  13. Global Temperature Change from Mean 1961-1990 1850 1900 1950 2000

  14. Is there a relationship between carbon dioxide concentration and global temperature?

  15. Sources of Human Energy Resources Fossil Fuels: coal, petroleum, natural gas Biomass: wood, grass, dung, ethanol Nuclear: fission (fusion) Wind Hydro Solar Geothermal H Fuel-Cell

  16. Predicted Consequences of Global Warming Sea level increase Changes in weather patterns Hotter summer, but warmer winters

  17. 1850 1900 1950 2000

  18. Solutions Non-carbon energy sources Efficiency improvement (conservation) Reforestation

  19. Alternatives to Fossil Fuels Nuclear Fission and Fusion Solar Hydro, Wind and Photovoltaic Hydrogen Fuel Cells

  20. Slowing Global Warming Increase carbon dioxide removal rates reforestation open ocean photosynthesis carbon dioxide sequestering Adapting to Global Warming

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