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NP 1 thru 6 Slides

NP 1 thru 6 Slides. Nuclear Physics Pioneers. Marie and Pierre Curie. The Lord Rutherford of Nelson. J. J. Thomson. Line of stability. Fig 43.4. Pg 1337 of Knight. Theoretical Island of Stability. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Island-of-Stability.png. Binding energy curve.

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NP 1 thru 6 Slides

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  1. NP 1 thru 6 Slides

  2. Nuclear Physics Pioneers Marie and Pierre Curie The Lord Rutherford of Nelson J. J. Thomson

  3. Line of stability • Fig 43.4. Pg 1337 of Knight

  4. Theoretical Island of Stability • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Island-of-Stability.png

  5. Binding energy curve • Fig 43.6 – Page 1339 of Knight

  6. Nuclear Potential Energy • Fig 43.8. Page 1340 of Knight

  7. Liquid Drop Model Prediction of BE • HarrisPage489Fig11.16

  8. Nuclear Shell Model States • http://hyperphysics.phy-astr.gsu.edu/hbase/nuclear/shell.html

  9. Shell Model Prediction • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nuclear_shell_model#Predicted_magic_numbers

  10. Neutrino Detector • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Sudbury_sno.jpg The Sudbury Neutrino Observatory, a 12-meter sphere filled with heavy water surrounded by light detectors located 2000 meters below the ground in Sudbury, Ontario, Canada.

  11. Video of Cloud Chamber • http://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/en/8/89/Cloud_chamber.ogg

  12. Photomultiplier Tube • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Photomultiplier

  13. Gamma Spectrum of Uranium ore

  14. Multi-Wire Proportional Chamber • http://universe-review.ca/I15-02-wirecounter.jpg

  15. Table of Isotopes • Exploring the Table of Isotopes • ie.lbl.gov/education/isotopes.htm • May 22, 2000 – [Nuclide data only, extensive listing of nuclides] Provides isotope data for almost all known nuclides. From Berkeley Laboratory. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_nuclides_%28complete%29

  16. Alpha Decay Energies and Decay Times HarrisTable6.1

  17. Beta Decay Energy Spectrum • Fig 11.19. Page 494 of Harris

  18. Decay Series of U • Fig 43.24. Page 1353 of Knight

  19. 238U and 232Th Decay Series • From Harris

  20. Cobalt-60 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cobalt-60 The activated nickel nucleus emits two gamma rays with energies of 1.17 and 1.33 MeV,

  21. Dating Methods http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radiometric_dating

  22. K-Ar Dating. Decay Modes http://www.geo.arizona.edu/~reiners/geos474-574/Kelley2002.pdf

  23. Relative Biological Effectiveness • Table 43.4. Page 1354 of Knight

  24. MRI Image of Lungs • Fig 43.37. Page 1357 of Knight

  25. Substances for Medical Radioactive Tracers

  26. CT-Scan. 3D image • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Ct-workstation-neck.jpg

  27. 235U cross section as function of neutron Energy • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neutron_cross-section

  28. Radon Testing • 22286 Rn ½ life: 3.8days • Builds up from the natural decay of uranium that is found in nearly all soils. In tight basement, the radon gas does not escape, so levels build up. • Radon levels of 4 picocuries per liter, or pCi/L, or higher require remediation. • Testing done with "Charcoal canisters," "alpha track," "electret ion chamber," "continuous monitors," and "charcoal liquid scintillation" detectors and many others – Kits are sold.

  29. 222Rn Decay Chain • http://www.awi.de/fileadmin/user_upload/Research/Research_Divisions/Geosciences/Marine_Geochemistry/natural_radionuclides/238Udc.pdf

  30. Lucas Cell – One type of Rn Detector • A Lucas cell is a type of scintillationparticle detector. It is used to grab a gas sample, filter out the radioactive particulates through a special filter and then count the radioactive decay. It is frequently used to measure radon gas concentrations. The inside of the gas chamber is coated with silver-activated zinc sulfide or ZnS(Ag) that scintillates or shines when struck by alpha particles. A photomultiplier tube at the top of the chamber counts the photons and sends the count to the data logger or counter. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lucas_cell

  31. Rn numerical example • To convert from Bq/m3 to pCi/L, divide by 37 • Do example: A home was found to have 40 pCi/L of Radon activity – The source of the Radon was removed. How long do you have to wait for the activity to decrease to the allowed level of 4 pCi/L?

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