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Global Conservation Funding Strategies: Maximizing Impact and Accountability

Explore international approaches to funding conservation efforts through private foundations, government agencies, and NGOs. Learn about funding mechanisms like debt-for-nature swaps and the role of Multilateral Development Banks in sustainable development. Discover examples of MDB-funded projects in Indonesia, Brazil, and China, and the importance of ensuring transparency and effectiveness in conservation funding. Find out how global efforts are addressing biodiversity challenges amidst competing funding priorities.

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Global Conservation Funding Strategies: Maximizing Impact and Accountability

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  1. International Approaches (Ch. 21) ConBio

  2. Funding International Efforts • 1) Private Foundations • 2) Government Agencies • 3) NGOs Fig. 21.8 Note TNC $ X 10 (MOST!)

  3. Funding International Efforts • 1) Private Foundations • 2) Government Agencies • 3) NGOs • Support Global Environment Facility (GEF) of World Bank • 2011: $330 million new grants

  4. Funding International Efforts • How ensure money well-spent? • Look for the “4 Cs” • Concern: Genuine concern for solving problem? • Contracts: Mutually agreeable and enforceable contracts? • Capacity: Institutions, personnel, infrastructure to carry out project? • Causes: Underlying causes addressed?

  5. Funding International Efforts • Another way to fund conservation: debt-for-nature swaps • Developing countries: huge debt ($1.3 trillion, 44% GNP) • Buy debt (pay 5-20% face value) • Forgive debt if country: • Puts land into parks, and/or, • Puts money into conservation

  6. International Development and Conservation • Multilateral Development Banks (MDBs): International banks loan money for development • Official goal sustainable development

  7. MDB problem examples • 1) Indonesia Transmigration Program • $560 million: move people to forested outer islands • To farm, feed selves, pay off loans with farm products Indonesia: #5 in population! 2 hotspots: Sundaland and Wallacea!

  8. MDB problem examples • 1) Indonesia Transmigration Program • Soils infertile, shifting agriculture (“slash-and-burn ag”) developed • Loss 2-6 million ha tropical forest • Ethnic violence/political instability

  9. MDB problem examples • What country contains greatest area of tropical rain forest? 2020 2001

  10. MDB problem examples • 2) Brazilian highways • Roads: rain forest • Project continues (Fig. 21-10) 2020 2001 Fig. 21-11

  11. MDB problem examples • 3) Dams • 3 Gorges Dam (Yangtze River): China Box 21.2

  12. MDB problem examples • 3) Dams • 3 Gorges Dam (Yangtze River): China • Flood control, hydropower, water, navigation • 1 million people displaced • Effects biodiversity?

  13. MDB problems • Result: Some projects opposed by some environmental groups

  14. MDB changes • 1) Funding environmental projects • 2) Requiring environmental assessments • 3) Monitoring protection compliance before more funding • See text for mixed message……. Tamed??

  15. $$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$$ • Final words on funding: • $6.5 billion/yr spent on biodiversity (global) • $245 billion/yr: agricultural subsidies (U.S.) • $1 trillion: defense (U.S.)

  16. Wrapping Up… • Final: Dec. 9, 12-1:45 pm (all mc/matching) website

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