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WECC – 1 Remedial Action Scheme

WECC – 1 Remedial Action Scheme. Larry Paine – LADWP Jon Crook - SMUD. WECC-1 RAS OBJECTIVES. At the end of this class the learner will be able to answer and explain these questions: Why is the WECC-1 RAS necessary? What are the components of the WECC-1 RAS?

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WECC – 1 Remedial Action Scheme

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  1. WECC – 1 Remedial Action Scheme Larry Paine – LADWP Jon Crook - SMUD

  2. WECC-1 RAS OBJECTIVES At the end of this class the learner will be able to answer and explain these questions: • Why is the WECC-1 RAS necessary? • What are the components of the WECC-1 RAS? • What contingencies trigger RAS actions? • What devices operate as a result of these RAS actions? • What contingencies trigger a NE/SE Separation? • At what locations does the NE/SE separation occur? • What communications take place following a RAS Action? • How does the WECC-1 RAS affect COI Limits?

  3. WECC-1 RAS References • Procedure RC-001 • Gives a good description of the WECC-1 RAS • www.wecc.biz

  4. W E C C 1 R A S

  5. WECC-1 RAS Consequences of Not Activating Review • Overload • Low Voltage • Instability • Cascading outages

  6. N C 8-10-96 DisturbanceFormation of 4 Electrical Islands Impacts: 7.5 million customers experienced power loss for a few minutes to 3 hours System Frequency: 58.3 Hz Load Shed: 30,392 MW Generation Tripped: 25,000 MW A 8-10-96 Disturbance N PG&E S

  7. Western Interconnection Cascading Outages 1994–1996 • Mostly controlled underfrequency load shedding. • Includes intentional tripping of NW hydro of AC intertie loss. • 175 units excluding intentional tripping of NW hydro. Some units loss because of transmission line outages.

  8. The WECC-1 RAS monitors the 500 kV Transmission system within California, Oregon, and Washington.

  9. WECC-1 “Pacific Northwest RAS” One of 3 major components of WECC–1 RAS • Pacific Northwest RAS (BPA) • California RAS (PG&E) • NE/SE Separation Scheme (APS)

  10. WECC-1 “California RAS” One of 3 major components of WECC–1 RAS • Pacific Northwest RAS (BPA) • California RAS (PG&E) • NE/SE Separation Scheme (APS)

  11. Overlap of monitoring by the Pacific NW RAS and the California RAS

  12. WECC-1 “NE/SE Separation Scheme” One of 3 major components of WECC–1 RAS • Pacific Northwest RAS (BPA) • California RAS (PG&E) • NE/SE Separation Scheme (APS)

  13. WECC-1 “Pacific Northwest RAS” One of 3 major components of WECC–1 (COI - RAS). • Pacific Northwest RAS (BPA) • California RAS (PG&E) • NE/SE Separation Scheme (APS)

  14. NORTHWEST500KVNETWORK(PARTIAL) Washington Chief Joseph Grand Brake Coulee Munroe Vantage Lower Monumental to Colstrip Hanford Dittmer (Montana) Ashe McNary John Day Big Eddy Slatt Buckley Marion Alvey Grizzly Dixonville Summer Lake to Midpoint (Idaho) Power Flow Rate of Change Relays Meridian Oregon Capt. Jack Malin Olinda Round Mountain COB

  15. WHAT TRIGGERS THE PACIFIC NORTHWEST RAS? Washington Chief Joseph Grand Brake Coulee Munroe Vantage Lower Monumental to Colstrip Hanford Dittmer (Montana) Ashe McNary John Day Big Eddy Slatt Buckley Marion Alvey Grizzly Dixonville Summer Lake to Midpoint POWER FLOW at COB (Idaho) Meridian Oregon Capt. Jack Malin Olinda Round Mountain • Signals From PG&E RAS Controller • COB Flow > 4100 MW N-S and a SLO occurs between COB and Tesla or Tracy. • COB Flow > 2500 MW N-S and a DLO occurs between COB and Tesla or Tracy. • COB Flow > 600 and TLO North of Tesla occurs then a separation signal is sent. (supervised by power ROC relays) • Triggers in the Northwest Area • COB Flow > 1600 MW N-S arms Gen Tripping (all lines in service) • Line outages: SLO, DLO, TLO and • Complete separation (all lines out) with COB flow > 600 MW X X X X Double Line Outage Triple Line Outage Single Line Outage Complete Separation COB

  16. 500KVNETWORKTHROUGHPG&E Capt. Jack Malin Round Mt. Olinda Table Mt. Vaca Dixon Tracy PG&E TOC Tesla Metcalf Moss Los Banos Landing Gates Midway Diablo Canyon Vincent

  17. WHAT TRIGGERS THE CALIFORNIA RAS? Power Flow at COB Capt. Jack Malin Round Mt. Olinda Power Flow Rate of Change Relays Table Mt. Vaca Dixon Tracy PG&E TOC Tesla Metcalf NE/SE Separation for TLO North of Tesla Moss Los Banos Landing Gates Midway Diablo Canyon Vincent Power Flow at Midway Power Flow at Midway COB • Thresholds For PG&E RAS Controller • COB Flow> 1500 MW and Midway Flow> 1100 MW is generally required for SLO, DLO, and TLO RAS actions. • BPA Signal Sent • COB Flow > 4100 MW N-S and a SLO occurs between COB and Tesla or Tracy. • COB Flow > 2500 MW N-S and a DLO occurs between COB and Tesla or Tracy. • COB Flow > 600MW N-S and TLO N. of Tesla (separation signal – supervised by PROC) • Triggers in the California Area • Depending on Power Flow thresholds the RAS will activate for SLO and DLO between COB and Midway. • Depending on Power Flow threshold the RAS will send NE/SE separation for TLO north of Tesla. (supervised by power ROC relays) X X X Complete Separation Single Line Outage North Double Line Outage North Or Double Line Outage South Or Single Line Outage South X X

  18. Typical Line Outage Detection (All except Midway-Vincent lines) Maintenance Sw ON Maintenance Sw ON Line is Out of Service when: All 4 Circuit Breakers are Open OR Two Circuit Breakers Open at one end + 1 or Both Undercurrents OR Line Maintenance Switch at Substation in “Maintenance” Position

  19. PACIFIC NORTHWEST RAS Washington Chief Joseph Grand Brake Coulee Disable AGC of BPA and BCHA Munroe Vantage Lower Monumental to Colstrip Hanford Dittmer (Montana) Ashe Trip Reactors & Insert Capacitors Trip Capacitors & Insert Reactors Series Capacitors Inserted or Removed Chief Joseph Braking Resistor Generator Tripping up to 2700 MW US & Canada McNary John Day Big Eddy Slatt Buckley Marion Alvey Grizzly Dixonville Summer Lake to Midpoint (Idaho) Meridian Oregon Capt. Jack Malin Olinda Round Mountain What are some of the devices that operate as a result of RAS activation? • Generator Tripping • Breaking resistor - LOAD • Disable AGC • Trip Reactors & Insert Capacitors • Trip Capacitors & Insert Reactors • Series Capacitors insert or remove COB

  20. DeviceOperated How Does it Help? RAS DEVICE ACTIVATION REVIEW • Generation tripping • Breaking Resistor – Load • Disable AGC • Trip Reactors & Insert Capacitors • Trip Capacitors & Insert Reactors • Insert Series Capacitors • Remove Series Capacitors (bypass) Reduce Power Flow Reduce Acceleration Prevent Power Flow Increase Voltage Decrease Voltage Shift Power Flow Shift Power Flow

  21. CALIFORNIA RAS Capt. Jack Malin Trip Pump Loads CDWR and PG&E Round Mt. PG&E Butt Valley & Caribou Olinda Firm Customer Load Tripping Table Mt. Vaca CDWR Hyatt -Thermalito Dixon Trip Reactors & Insert Capacitors Tracy Generator Tripping CDWR & PG&E PG&E TOC Tesla Metcalf Moss Los Banos Landing Bypass Series Capacitors Open Breakers (RND MT.) Trip Capacitors & Insert Reactors Gates Midway Diablo Canyon CDWR – Buena Vista, Wheeler Ridge, Wind Gap, Pearblossom, Edmonston CDWR - Delta, San Luis, Dos Amigos Vincent PG&E - Helms PG&E - Path 15 IRAS Round Mountain 500/230 Bank What are some of the devices that operate as a result of RAS activation? • Generator Tripping • Pump Load Tripping • Firm Load Shed • Trip Reactors & Insert Capacitors • Trip Capacitors & Insert Reactors • Bypass Series Capacitors • Open Breakers

  22. DeviceOperated How Does it Help? RAS DEVICE ACTIVATION REVIEW • Generation tripping • Pump tripping • Firm load shed • Trip Reactors & Insert Capacitors • Trip Capacitors & Insert Reactors • Bypass Series Capacitors • Open Breakers Reduce Power Flow Reduce Power Flow Reduce Power Flow Increase Voltage Decrease Voltage Shift Power Flow Prevent Overload

  23. WECC-1 The NE/SE Separation Scheme • Pacific Northwest RAS (BPA) • California RAS (PG&E) • NE/SE Separation Scheme (APS)

  24. What’s the Purpose of the NE/SE Separation Scheme? Controlled Separation of the NE portion from the SE Portion of the WECC

  25. North Truckee California Drum Generation Normally, most of the power flowing from the Northwest to Southern California flows on the COI John Day Marion Buckley Capt Jack Malin Round Mtn Olinda Table Mtn Silver Peak Red Butte Shiprock Waterflow Glen Cyn Load Midway Four Corners

  26. North Truckee California Drum Generation But if the COI becomes separated John Day Marion Buckley Capt Jack Malin Power is forced onto the eastern lines resulting in overload, low voltage, and instability. Round Mtn Olinda Table Mtn Silver Peak Red Butte Shiprock Waterflow Glen Cyn Load Midway Four Corners

  27. JOHN DAY • What initiates a NE/SE Separation? • COB flow over 600-MW • and • 2. Loss of all four lines north of Malin • or • 3. Loss of all three lines south of Malin MARION BUCKLEY GRIZZLY ALVEY DIXONVILLE MERIDIAN SUMMER LAKE KCG MALIN CAPT JACK > 600 MW ROUND MT OLINDA TABLE MT VACA DIXON TRACY TESLA LOS BANOS MOSS LANDING GATES MIDWAY DIABLO CANYON VINCENT SMR2-03

  28. North Truckee California Drum Walsenburg Gladstone Let’s review how the NE/SE Separation might work… John Day Marion Buckley Capt Jack Malin Round Mtn If there was over 600 MW flowing N>S on the COI, Olinda Table Mtn Silver Peak Red Butte Shiprock Waterflow Glen Cyn Midway Four Corners

  29. North Truckee California Drum Walsenburg Gladstone And the Captain Jack-Olinda Line was out for work John Day Marion Buckley Capt Jack Malin Round Mtn Olinda Table Mtn Sigurd Lost Canyon Silver Peak Red Butte Hesperus Shiprock SCE Waterflow Harry Allen Glen Cyn Midway Four Corners

  30. North Truckee California Drum Walsenburg Gladstone Then the Malin-Round Mountain Lines 1 & 2 both relayed John Day Marion Buckley Capt Jack Malin Round Mtn Olinda Table Mtn Silver Peak Red Butte Shiprock Waterflow Glen Cyn Midway Four Corners

  31. North Truckee California Drum Walsenburg Gladstone The result would be a Triple-Line Outage (TLO) separating the COI south of Malin John Day Marion Buckley Capt Jack Malin Round Mtn Olinda Table Mtn Silver Peak Red Butte Shiprock Waterflow Glen Cyn Midway Four Corners

  32. North Truckee California Drum Walsenburg Gladstone The outage would be detected by the BPA portion Monro Dittmer John Day Marion Buckley And a signal sent to PG&E Capt Jack Malin Round Mtn Olinda Table Mtn Silver Peak San Francisco Red Butte Shiprock Waterflow Glen Cyn Midway Four Corners

  33. North Truckee California Drum Walsenburg Gladstone At the same time, the outage would be detected by the by PG&E Munro Dittmer John Day Marion Buckley Capt Jack Malin And a signal sent to BPA Round Mtn Olinda Table Mtn Silver Peak San Francisco Red Butte Shiprock Waterflow Glen Cyn Midway Four Corners

  34. North Truckee California Drum Walsenburg Gladstone Separation signals would be sent from Munro, Dittmer, and San Francisco (via Midway) to Four Corners Munro Dittmer Capt Jack Round Mtn Olinda Table Mtn Silver Peak San Francisco Red Butte Glen Cyn Midway Four Corners

  35. Walsenburg Gladstone • Ties would trip at • Cascade • Capt. Jack – Olinda 500 kV • Malin-Round Mtn 500 kV Lines 1 & 2 • N. Truckee & California-Drum • SPP-SCE 55kV lines • Red Butte-Harry Allen 345 kV line • Glen Cyn-Sigurd 230 kV line • Four Corners-Pinto 345-kV line • Shiprock-Lost Canyon 230-kV Line • Waterflow-Hesperus 345 kV line • Walsenburg-Gladstone 230 kV line (new) John Day Marion Buckley Capt Jack Malin Cascade Round Mtn Olinda Table Mtn North Truckee California Drum Sigurd Lost Canyon Silver Peak Red Butte Pinto Hesperus Shiprock SCE Waterflow Harry Allen Glen Cyn Midway Four Corners

  36. Walsenburg Gladstone Resulting in a controlled separation of the WECC into two islands John Day Marion Buckley Capt Jack Malin Round Mtn Cascade Olinda Table Mtn North Truckee California Drum Silver Peak Red Butte Shiprock Glen Cyn Waterflow Midway Four Corners

  37. New Walsenburg - Gladstone Line

  38. Munro Dittmer SPP San Francisco WACM Midway NE/SE Separation Scheme Basic Communication Paths FourCorners

  39. 1 2 TRIP!! Normal Operation Receipt of any two of the three available trip impulses is required to initiate the NE/SE separation scheme. “2 of 3 Voting” Dittmer Munro SPP San Francisco FourCorners WACM Midway

  40. 1 Dittmer Munro X TRIP!! SPP FourCorners WACM Midway If one communication path is unavailable Receipt of only one of the two available trip impulses is required to initiate the NE/SE separation scheme. “1 of 2 Voting” San Francisco

  41. Dittmer Munro X SPP San Francisco WACM X X Midway If two or more communication paths are unavailable If two communication paths are unavailable, The NE/SE separation component is considered unavailable. (COI limits based on BPA DSO 321 [table 4]). With N/W RAS available No risk; COI = 4800 mw 1 corridor @ risk, COI = 2700 mw 2 corridors @ risk, COI = 1000 mw With N/W RAS unavailable No risk; COI = 1400 mw 1 corridor @ risk, COI = 1000 mw 2 corridors @ risk, COI = 500 mw FourCorners

  42. Limits on COINE/SE Separation Scheme Unavailable

  43. Verbal Communications Communication between RC Centers • Assess the status of their respective area • Conference to determine If separation scheme operated properly • Determine if 2 or more islands exist in the WECC Interconnection • Direct restoration of the Interconnection

  44. Verbal Communications Communication between RC Centers • Once the west side is intact (500 kV) restore the east side • When the Interconnection is intact, confer and allow resumptionof normal scheduling

  45. Verbal Communications Communication between control centers • Some can determine what happened and some can’t from EMS • Under Frequency Load Shedding probable • Talk to neighbor TOP and BA operators • What has happened around you • Talk to Reliability Coordinator • Get the big picture • Provide information • Other Communication methods • California Hotline call • WECC-net messages

  46. Verbal Communications Communication between control centers When frequency stabilizes ~ 60 Hz RCs will coordinate synchronizing • Load pick-up coordinated with RCs • Zero schedules across open interconnections • Synchronizing: • RCs coordinate and approve • BA areas approve • TOPs implement • Resume Normal Scheduling

  47. WECC – 1 Remedial Action Scheme Das ist alles!

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