Unit 6

1. Unit 6 Conversion 转译法

2. I. Definition Conversion is a method used in translation and interpreting; as a result of the differences between the two languages in grammar and usage; so as to make the translation natural and smooth in the target language; (purpose) without reducing or changing the meaning of the original. (prerequisite condition)

3. Examples: 1. the government of the people, by the people, for the people… (Prepositions → Verbs) 民有、民治、民享的政府 2. He gave a vivid description of Maria’s character in his novel. (Noun →Verb) 他在小说中生动地描述了玛利亚的性格特点。 3. He asserted that we were wrongly informed. 他断言我们听到的消息错了。(Verb → Noun)

4. II. Types of Conversion • 1. Conversion in Parts of Speech • (词性) • 2. Conversion in Word Order • (词序)

5. I. Conversion in Parts of Speech • 1. Nouns → Verbs • 2. Prepositions → Verbs • 3. Adjectives → Verbs • 4.Adverbs→ Verbs • 5. Verbs → Nouns • 6. Adjectives → Nouns • 7. Adverbs → Nouns

6. 8. Nouns → Adjectives • 9. Adverbs → Adjectives • 10.Verbs→ Adjectives • 11. Adjectives → Adverbs • 12. Verbs → Adverbs • 13. Nouns → Adverbs

7. 1. Nouns → Verbs 1) Thanks to the introduction of our reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved. 由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。 2) Too much exposure to TV programs will do great harm to the eyesight of children. 孩子们看电视过多会大大地损坏视力。

8. 3) The price of color TV sets has shown a slight fall as against last month. 彩电的价格比上月有所下降。 4) His father is a non-smoker, but he is a chain-smoker. 他父亲不抽烟，但他一抽起来却一根接着一根（抽烟很凶/厉害）。 5) Your information as to discounts for a large order would be appreciated. 如果贵方告知大批订货有折扣,我们不胜感激。

9. 6) We learn that you have been dealers of Chinese products for many years. 据我们了解，贵公司经营中国产品已有多年历史。 • 7) An acquaintance with some western manners is helpful to our international trade. 了解一点西方礼仪对我们的国际贸易是有帮助的。

10. N.+ of + NP. 动宾结构 • 1) Price adjustments should by no means affect the performance of the contract. 调整价格决不能影响履行合同。 • 2) We are exporters of the above goods, having a background of some 30 years. 我们出口上述商品，已经近30来年了。

11. 2. Prepositions → Verbs • 1). The people are with him. 人民拥护他。 • 2) What are you after? 你追求什么。 • 3) The woman, with her two daughters, arrived. • 这妇女带着她的两个女儿到了.

12. 4) Now, ten years later, she has gained her master’s degree from Harvard’s School of Education and is finally off welfare. 经过十年寒窗之苦后，她现在已经获得了哈佛大学教育学院的硕士学位，并终于结束了接受救济的日子。

13. 3. Adjectives → Verbs • In English，adjectives for consciousness，luster, desire, etc., when put behind a link verb as a predicative, can be translated into a verb.e.g.：confident, certain, careful, cautious, angry, sure, ignorant, afraid, doubtful, aware, concerned, glad, delighted, sorry, ashamed, thankful, anxious, etc. Derived adjectives can also be translated into verbs.

14. 1) It was a very informative meeting. • 会上透露了许多信息。 • 2) Doctors have said that they are not sure they can save his life. • 医生说他们不敢肯定能否救得了他的命。 • 3) She seems content to sit in front of TV all night. 看来她乐意在电视机前坐个通宵。

15. 4） Shortly after Jimmy Carter’s election as president, his advisers were reported as recommending lower taxes and higher government spending. 据说在吉米·卡特当选总统后不久，他的顾问们就建议他降低税收，增加政府开支。 ５)He is ignorant of the U.S. How can we expect him to enlarge the market for our products there? 他对美国的情况所知甚少（一无所知）.怎么能指望他去扩大我们的产品在那里的销路呢?

16. ６) We are not afraid ofthe future because of a bomb. We are afraid of bombs because we have no faith in the future. 我们不是因为害怕炸弹（原子弹）而害怕将来，而是对将来没有信心而害怕炸弹（原子弹）。 • ７) This credit card is especially popularwith the travelers, who needn’t carry a large amount of cash. 这种信用卡特别受游客欢迎，因为他们不必携带大量现金。

17. 4. Adverbs → Verbs • 1) There are more people in India sleeping in the streets than any other place in the world. A dominant power there is dominant inherently. 在印度，流浪街头的人比任何其他地方都多。那里的统治权力是根据血统关系代代相传的。 • 2) Why should we let in foreign goods when Americans are laid off because they can’t sell their own goods? 在许多美国人由于推销不出自己的产品而失业之际，我们为什么还要让外国货进口呢？ • 3) In those years the Republicans were in. 那些年是共和党执政。

18. 5. Verbs → Nouns • In English, there are many verbs which are derivatives from nouns. These verbs don’t have equivalents in Chinese and are usually converted back into Nouns when translated into Chinese.For example： • 1) A well-dressed man, who lookedandtalked like an American, got into the car . 一个穿着入时的男子钻进了小车。他的外表和谈吐都像个美国人。(言谈举止)

19. 2) Quick decision characterized him. 当机立断是他的特点。 • 3) He was always smartly dressed. 他的穿着/打扮一直很时髦/光鲜。 • 4) The design aimsat automatic operation, easy regulation, simple maintenance and high productivity. 设计的目的在于操作自动、管理方便、维护简易、生产率高。

20. 5) He deeplyimpressed me with his prodigious(惊人的) talent. 他那过人的才华给我留下了深刻的印象。 • 6)Our university was co-administered by the Ministry of Education and the provincial government before 1995. 我们大学1995年前受国家教育部和省政府的双重领导。

21. 7) Thanks to the introduction of the reform and opening policy, our comprehensive national strength has greatly improved. 由于我们实行了改革开放政策，我国的综合国力有了明显的增强。 • 8) The earth acts like a big magnet． 地球的作用就像一块大磁铁。

22. 6. Adjectives → Nouns • 1) Stevenson was eloquent and elegant -- but soft. 史蒂文森口才出众、举止优雅，但性格软弱。 • 2) The new contract would be good for five years. 该新合同的有效期为五年。

23. 3) These markets tended to be very competitive, in terms of both price and product differentiation. 就其价格和产品的种类而言，这些市场颇具竞争力。 • 4) Most of us think him very hypocritical. 我们大家都认为他是个十足的伪君子。

24. 5) In his article the author is critical of man’s negligence of his environment. 作者在文章中，对人类忽视自身环境的现象提出了批评。 6) Robin Hood hated the rich and loved and protected the poor. 罗宾汉痛恨富人,热爱并保护穷人.

25. 7. Adverbs → Nouns • 1) It was officially announced that they agreed on a reply to Russia. 官方宣布，他们就给俄罗斯复信一事取得了一致的意见。 • 2) The paper said editorially that Tom has stolen the company leadership during Jack’ absence. 这家报纸的社论说，汤姆在杰克外出期间窃取了公司领导权。 • 3) All the students should develop morally, intellectually and physically. 学生们都应该德、智、体全面发展。

26. 8. Nouns → Adjectives • 1) She hasbeautystill, and, if it is not in its heyday（全盛时期）, it is not yet in its autumn. 她依然很美，如果不是芳华正茂，也还不到迟暮之年。 • 2) Thepallor of her face indicated clearly how she was feeling at the moment. 她苍白的脸色清楚地表明了她那时的情绪。 • 3) I have always wondered at thepassion many people have of going abroad. 我一直想不通为什么许多人对出国如此热衷？

27. 4) As he is a perfect stranger in the city, I hope you will give him the necessary help. 他对这城市完全陌生，所以我希望你能给他必要的帮助。 • 5) We are deeply convinced of the correctness of this policy and firmly determined to pursue it. 我们深信这个政策是正确的，并决心继续执行它。

28. 9. Adverbs → Adjectives • 1) Securities laws require companies to treat all shareholders reasonably equally. 证券法要求所有的公司给所有的持股人适当的平等待遇。 • 2) The computer ischiefly characterized by its accurate and quick computations. 计算机的主要特点是计算快捷而精确。 • 3) Such robots controlled by large computers impressed us deeply. 这种由大型计算机控制的机器人给我们留下了深刻的印象。

29. 10.Verbs→ Adjectives • 1) In his six consecutive speeches, Bush indulged in violent attacks on the Baghdad government. 布什在他一连六次的讲话中，都对巴格达政府进行了不遗余力的猛烈抨击。 • 2) He said, if this was the case, he would be tempted to try. 他说，如果情况果真如此，他颇有尝试之意。

30. 11. Adjectives → Adverbs • 1) There is a bigincrease in demand for all kinds of consumer goods in every part of our country. 目前，我国各地对各种消费品的需求量已经大大地增加了。 • 2) We must make full use of the natural resources available. 我们应当充分利用现有的自然资源。

31. 12. Verbs → Adverbs • 1) Sink or float, I’ll try. 不管成败如何，我都要试一试。 • 2) Generally speaking, a correct idea will take many years before it is widely accepted as true. 一般而言，一个正确的思想要经过多年努力才为人们普遍接受。

32. 13. Nouns → Adverbs • 1) His ability to finish the tough task in such a short time earned great support from his follower. • 他能够在较短的时间里完成这项任务，从而使他得到追随者的大力支持。 • 2) When he catches a glimpse of a potential antagonist(对手), his instinct is to win him over with charm and humor. 只要一发现有可能反对他的人，他就本能地要用他的魅力和风趣将这人争取过来.

33. II. Conversion in Word Order • 1. When deeply absorbed in work, which he often was, he would forget all about eating and sleeping. 他一旦专心投入工作，往往废寝忘食。他常常如此。 • 2. “He laughs best who laughs at last,” says the teacher. 老师说，“谁笑到最后，谁笑得最好。”

34. 3.Manganese has the same effect on the strength of steel as silicon. 3.Manganese has the same effect on the strength of steel as silicon.  锰像硅一样会影响钢的强度 。 锰与硅对钢的强度有同样的影响。 • 4.I went out for a walk after I had my  • dinner. 我吃了晚饭后出去散步。 (time order) 5. He flew yesterday from Beijing where he had spent his vacation after finishing the   meeting he had attended in Tianjin． 他在天津开完会，就上北京去度假了，昨天才坐飞机回来。 (time order)

35. 6.He had to stay in bed because he was ill. 他因为病了，只好呆在床上。 (causal relationship) • 7. I still hope you will come back if •  arrangements could be made． 如果能安排，我还是希望你来。 (Conditional Clause) • 8.Better take your umbrella in case it rains. 为防下雨最好带上伞。 (clause of purpose)

36. Translate the following: • 1．the sum total  • 总额  • 2．something unforgettable 难以忘怀的事  • 3．I do it because I like it.  • 因为我喜欢我才干。  • 4．I’ll let you know as soon as it is arranged • 一安排好我就通知你。  • 5．I saw him in Nanjing last winter. • 我是去年冬天在南京看见他的。