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Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks in Geology

Explore the transformative process of metamorphism on existing rocks due to different conditions, such as heat, pressure, and fluids. Learn about types of metamorphism, agents, textures, and common metamorphic rocks like slate and gneiss.

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Metamorphism and Metamorphic Rocks in Geology

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  1. Metamorphism and metamorphic Rocks Prof. Dr. Ziad Salem Abu-Hamatteh Faculty of Engineering Technology Al-Balqa’ Applied University

  2. Metamorphism and metamorphic Rocks Metamorphism: all changes (textural/mineralogical) that take place on a pre-existing rock(I,S,M) in response to new conditions (P/T) imposed on the rock which are different from those under which the rocks have originally been formed. Changes take place in the solid state

  3. Original Unmetamorphosed rock A B Nucleation of new minerals in response to changes in T or P or both Ions migrate either by solid state diffusion or Different stages of mineral growth involve both textural and mineralogical changes Intergranular fluids C SiO2 + CaCO3  CaSiO3 + CO2 Best, 1982

  4. Deformed metamorphic rocks

  5. Types or Envs. of metamorphism • Contact (thermal) metamorphism = around magmas • Regional metamorphism = along subduction zones in areas of mountain building. Rocks in these setting are subjected to both increase in T and to directed pressures.

  6. Contact metamorphism

  7. Subduction zone and regional metamorphism

  8. Agents of metamorphism • Heat = thermal energy geothermal gradient • Pressure increases at a rate of about 250-300 bars/km of depth. • Chemical active hot fluids (H2O, CO2 are the most common) moving within the rocks are capable of dissolving rocks and precipitating others at other places

  9. Confining pressure=analogous to hydrostatic pressure

  10. Differential stresses = directed pressures

  11. Textures • Foliated rocks • = regional • Metamorphic • rocks

  12. Common metamorphic rocks

  13. Slate

  14. Phyllite http://geology.about.com/library/bl/images/blphyllite.htm

  15. Garnet Schist

  16. Garnet schist

  17. Mica schist

  18. Gneiss

  19. Banded gneiss

  20. Folded metamorphic rocks

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