Content Vocabulary

1. Content Vocabulary • energy • glucose • fatty acids • amino acids • toxin • calories • gram • digestion

2. Three nutrients—carbohydrates, fats, and protein—provide energy the body can use to grow, to move, and to create heat to maintain a steady temperature. energy The capacity to do work or produce heat

3. Energy from Nutrients • The body stores extra energy from the carbohydrates, fats, or proteins you eat as glycogen or body fat.

4. Carbohydrates provide the body with its main fuel, glucose. The brain and nervous system depend on glucose for energy to think, to trigger movement, and to send messages between tissues. Energy from Nutrients glucose A simple form of carbohydrate which serves as the body’s sugar

5. Fat supplies energy to the body as fatty acids. Muscles rely heavily on fatty acids to fuel physical activity and movement. Energy from Nutrients fatty acids Building blocks of fat that supply energy fuel for most of the body’s cells

6. Protein supplies energy as amino acids. In difficult situations when the body is stressed, it can burn amino acids from protein at a greater rate than at less stressful times. Energy from Nutrients amino acids Building blocks of protein normally used to build tissues or, under some conditions, burned for energy

7. Some substances, such as the toxin alcohol, provide calories but are not nutrients. Energy from Nutrients toxin calorie A unit used to measure energy poison

8. Vitamins and minerals are measured in grams or milligrams. Energy from Nutrients gram A unit of weight, about 1/28th of an ounce

9. Alcohol can contribute to fat because it provides calories but it does not promote growth, maintenance, or repair of the body. If you consume more carbohydrate, fat, and protein than you need, these nutrients will be stored in your body, mostly as fat. Energy from Nutrients

10. Energy from Food • The best source of energy for the body is a balanced diet.

11. For sufficient energy, eat a meal balanced with the right amounts of carbohydrates, fat, and protein. Fat helps with digestion while the carbohydrates and protein provide the body with lasting energy. Energy from Food digestion The breaking down of food into nutrients the body can use

12. Section Review: Reviewing the Vocabulary • Define digestion. digestion The breaking down of food into nutrients the body can use

13. Section Review: Reviewing the Vocabulary • What are calories? calories A unit used to measure energy