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Oral radiology II

Oral radiology II. X-Ray Machine. The X-ray machine consist of: 1) head A) tube B) cone and accessories 2) Control panel and timer 3) Adjusting arm. INTRAORAL X-RAY FILM. Periapical View Bitewing View Occlusal View. Periapical View. Periapical View Film packs corne in three sizes:

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Oral radiology II

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  1. Oral radiology II

  2. X-Ray Machine The X-ray machine consist of: 1) head A) tube B) cone and accessories 2) Control panel and timer 3) Adjusting arm

  3. INTRAORAL X-RAY FILM • Periapical View • Bitewing View • Occlusal View

  4. Periapical View Periapical View Film packs corne in three sizes: 0 for small children (22 X 35mm) 1, which is relatively narrow and used for views of the anterior teeth (24 X40mm) 2, the standard film size used for adults (31 X 41 mm)

  5. Processing X-Ray Film • Manual processing • Rapid processing chemicals • Automatic Film Processing

  6. MANUAL PROCESSING

  7. Developer – water - fixer

  8. Automatic Film Processing

  9. GENERAL STEPS FOR MAKINGAN EXPOSURE • Greet and seat the patient. • Adjust the x-ray unit setting. • position the tube head. • Wash hands thoroughly. • Examine the oral cavity. • Position the film. • position the x-ray tube. • Make the exposure.

  10. Factors Affecting Quality of Image • Factors affecting the image are related to: • Machine • Object • Film • Processing of film

  11. Periapical X-rays • show the whole tooth -- from the crown to beyond the end of the root to where the tooth is anchored in the jaw. Each periapical X-ray shows this full tooth dimension and includes all the teeth in one portion of either the upper or lower jaw. Periapical X-rays are used to detect any abnormalities of the root structure and surrounding bone structure

  12. Preapical radiography Two intraoral projection techniques are commonly used for periapical radiography: the paralleling technique and the bisecting-angle technique

  13. The vertical angulations

  14. Horizontal angulations Incisors /0/ Mandibular canine /45/ Maxillary canine /60-75/ Premolars/70-80/ Molars/80-90/

  15. Maxillary Incisors A - Nasal septum B - Inferior concha C - Nasal fossa D - Nasal spine E - Incisive foramen F – Nose G - Median palatine suture

  16. Incisive foramen

  17. Nasal septum

  18. Maxillary Canine • A = Floor of nasal fossa B = Maxillary sinusC = Lateral fossaD = Nose

  19. a = floor of nasal fossab = maxillary sinusc = lateral fossaa & b form inverted Y

  20. Maxillary Premolar • A = Sinus recess • B = Sinus septum • C = Zygomatic Process • D = Maxillary sinus

  21. a = Zygomatic Process b = sinus recess c = sinus septum d = maxillary sinus

  22. Maxillary Molar ِِA- Zygoma B - Maxillary sinus C - Sinus recess D - Maxillary tuberosity E - Coronoid process F - Hamular Process G - Pterygoid plate

  23. a = maxillary tuberosity* b = coronoid process c = hamular processd = pterygoid plates e = zygoma (dotted lines) f = maxillary sinus g = sinus recess

  24. Mandibular Incisors A = Mental fossa B = Lingual foramen C = Genial tubercles D = Mental ridge

  25. Lingual foramen. Radiolucent “hole” in center of genial tubercles. Lingual nutrient vessels pass through this foramen

  26. Mandibular Canine • A = Mental ridgeB = Lingual foramenC =Genial tuberclesD =Cortical boneE =Mental foramen

  27. Mandibular Premolar • A = Mylohyoid ridgeB = Submandibular gland fossaC = Mandibular canalD = Mental foramen

  28. The mental foramen (blue arrow) is adjacent to a periapical lesion associated with tooth # 21 (red arrow). There is slight external resorption on # 21

  29. Mandibular Molar A = External oblique ridge B = Mylohyoid ridge (internal oblique) C = Submandibular gland fossa D = Mandibular canal

  30. a = external oblique ridge b = mylohyoid ridge c = mandibular canal d = submandibular gland fossa

  31. Radiation Safety & Protection

  32. THANK YOU

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